Birth Control for Overweight Women

Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) such as ParaGard copper IUD and levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs are a very effective means of birth control in overweight women. However, there may be a higher risk of the IUD falling out if your BMI is 40 or higher.

Sometimes there may be problems with insertion of the device. If you are obese, it can sometimes be difficult to locate the cervix or determine the size and direction of your uterus. Your healthcare provider can usually overcome this by using an ultrasound and other special equipment to help guide the IUD insertion.

Depo-subQ Provera 104

There is a newer version of the original Depo Provera shot known as Depo-subQ Provera 104. This non-permanent form of birth control has 31% less hormone that the previous version and, as a result, a lower incidence of adverse side effects.

It newer version is injected beneath the skin as opposed to in the muscle. Shots are delivered quarterly, or every 12 to 14 weeks.

Depo-subQ Provera 104 was shown to be effective in obese women in two different studies. However, the one major downside is that the drug is known to cause weight gain, a major consideration if you are already struggling with weight control.

Another consideration is that it can take an average of nine and 10 months to fully restore fertility once treatment is stopped. In heavier women, it may take even longer.

The traditional version of the Depo Provera shot can also be used for obese women.

Barrier Birth Control Methods

A barrier birth control method is a device that physically blocks sperm from entering the opening of the uterus. These contraceptives tend to be less effective than IUDs or hormonal methods, so they need to be used correctly to provide the best protection. Failure is most often associated with improper or inconsistent use rather than a problem with the product itself.

Barrier birth control options include male condoms, female condoms, spermicides, the sponge, diaphragms, and the cervical cap.

You can further increase the effectiveness by using a double barrier method, such using a condom with a spermicide or a diaphragm with a condom. If uncertain how to use a product, speak with your healthcare provider or ask your pharmacist.

Tubal Ligation

Tubal ligation is a permanent method of birth control. Often referred to as "having your tubes tied," it is a surgical procedure designed to close off the fallopian tubes. Once the procedure is performed, it is highly unlikely that the sperm will be able to reach the egg, It is one of several surgical sterilization techniques.

While there is no evidence that your weight will compromise the effectiveness of a tubal ligation, the surgery itself is often more difficult to perform. In this population of women, the surgery might take slightly longer and require more anesthesia.

Tubal sterilization surgeries are often done laparoscopically. Compared to open surgery, laparoscopic surgery is associated with less risk such as infection in obese women.