First Aid Is It Possible to Bring Someone Back From the Dead? By Rod Brouhard, EMT-P Rod Brouhard, EMT-P Facebook LinkedIn Twitter Rod Brouhard is an emergency medical technician paramedic (EMT-P), journalist, educator, and advocate for emergency medical service providers and patients. Learn about our editorial process Updated on February 02, 2022 Medically reviewed Verywell Health articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and healthcare professionals. These medical reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Content is reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates. Learn more. by Michael Menna, DO Medically reviewed by Michael Menna, DO Michael Menna, DO, is a board-certified, active attending emergency medicine physician at White Plains Hospital in White Plains, New York. Learn about our Medical Expert Board Fact checked Verywell Health content is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. We rely on the most current and reputable sources, which are cited in the text and listed at the bottom of each article. Content is fact checked after it has been edited and before publication. Learn more. by Angela Underwood Fact checked by Angela Underwood LinkedIn Angela Underwood's extensive local, state, and federal healthcare and environmental news coverage includes 911 first-responder compensation policy to the Ciba-Geigy water contamination case in Toms River, NJ. Her additional health-related coverage includes death and dying, skin care, and autism spectrum disorder. Learn about our editorial process Print A common question for paramedics is, "What's the worst call you've ever had?" Another favorite: "Is it possible to bring people back from the dead?" The answer to the second question just might surprise you. Yes. However, there is a catch. The patient can't be too dead. This is a question of survival, not about zombies or chanting at the full moon. It begins with whether we're discussing clinical death or biological death. Both mean the patient is technically dead, but each term refers to a different level of permanency. One is fixable; the other is not. Bruce Ayres / Getty Images Clinical Death First comes clinical death, which is when breathing and blood flow stop. Clinical death is the same as cardiac arrest; the heart has stopped beating and blood has stopped flowing. Technically, clinical death requires both the heart and the breathing to stop, but that's just semantics. Breathing and consciousness will cease within a few seconds of the heart stopping. Clinical death is reversible. Researchers believe there's a window of about four minutes from the moment of cardiac arrest to the development of serious brain damage. (as you can probably imagine, that's a pretty hard statistic to validate through a random control trial). If blood flow can be restored—either by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or by getting the heart pumping again—the patient could come back from clinical death. It's not a sure thing; success rates for CPR are pretty dismal. Before we get too morbid here, it's important to note that the application of CPR and of an automated external defibrillator (AED) increased the chances of survival significantly. All is not lost with clinical death, but you must act quickly. Biological Death Biological death, on the other hand, is brain death, and there's no turning back from brain death. That is irreversible death. Just to make things a bit more complicated, however, it is possible to keep the body alive while the brain is dead. The heart is more of a subcontractor than an employee of the body; it keeps its own hours and works without direct supervision by the brain. Since the heart works without brain input, it's possible to keep it going for a long time after the brain is dead. Indeed, that's one way that organ donation happens. There are physical signs of irreversible death that emergency medical responders use to decide whether to attempt CPR on a cardiac arrest victim. The hard truth is: Some people are just plain dead by the time they're found. Frequently Asked Questions How long can someone have been dead and then be brought back to life? It's hard to say. There've been many reports of people whose hearts have stopped beating who later spontaneously regain their vital signs, such as a 34-year-old woman in Spain who was clinically dead for six hours in December 2019. It's thought such cases often occur because an extreme drop in body temperature prevents cell damage that leads to biological and irreversible death. What criteria do doctors use to confirm someone is dead? The 1981 Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA), accepted by the American Medical Association and the American Bar Association, defines death as sustaining "either (1) irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions, or (2) irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem..." Although the UDDA has been adopted in all 50 states, each state uses it as a baseline only and may have stated exemptions to the definition. What is the Lazarus syndrome? A nickname for the phenomenon in which a person who seemingly dies of cardiac arrest spontaneously comes back to life. The clinical term is delayed return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). It was coined in 1993.There is research to suggest it's an underreported event—in other words, more people have "come back to life" after their heart stops beating than is documented. Learn More: What It Means to Be in a Coma 5 Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Alcauskas M. Prognosis and therapy after cardiac arrest-induced coma. Virtual Mentor. 2009;11(8):617-620. doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2009.11.8.cprl1-0908 American Heart Association. Cardiac arrest survival greatly increases when bystanders use an automated defibrillator. Burkle CM, Sharp RR, Wijdicks EF. Why brain death is considered death and why there should be no confusion. Neurology. 2014;83(16):1464-1469. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000883 Sarbey B. Definitions of death: brain death and what matters in a person. J Law Biosci. 2016;3(3):743-752. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsw054 Sahni V. The Lazarus phenomenon. JRSM Open. 2016;7(8):2054270416653523. doi:10.1177/2054270416653523 By Rod Brouhard, EMT-P Rod Brouhard is an emergency medical technician paramedic (EMT-P), journalist, educator, and advocate for emergency medical service providers and patients. See Our Editorial Process Meet Our Medical Expert Board Share Feedback Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! What is your feedback? Other Helpful Report an Error Submit