Exercise and Its Positive Impact on Multiple Sclerosis

Even though the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) vary from person to person, experiencing any one of them (e.g., fatigue, muscle spasms/weakness, and mobility issues, to name a few) can be downright brutal.

This is why experts are diligently working to find therapies that, in addition to an MS disease-modifying medication, can further improve a person's symptoms or even, perhaps, help slow down their disease course.

One such therapy that has consistently been found to be beneficial for those living with MS is exercise.

Benefits of Exercise in MS

Aside from the "feel-good" chemicals (called endorphins) released during exercise, research suggests that engaging in cardiorespiratory activities (for example, bicycling or swimming) can improve muscle strength, tiredness, cognition (memory and thinking skills), and breathing function in those with MS.

In addition, progressive resistance training—a form of exercise that builds muscle strength—has also been found to improve fatigue and mood in some people with MS.

Flexibility exercises, which stretch the muscles and tendon to their full length, have been found to help people with MS maintain balance, reduce spasticity, and enhance joint range of motion.

Other effects of MS that may improve with regular exercise include:

• Improving bladder and bowel function
• Preventing the loss of bone density (called osteoporosis)
• Reducing depression
• Improving social functioning and quality of life

Besides benefitting your MS health, there are a number of other positives to engaging in a regular exercise routine.

Research has found that moderate and/or vigorous exercise decreases your risk of obesity, heart disease, stroke, depression, and certain types of cancer. It can also reduce stress and anxiety, and improve sleep.

Exploring Your Exercise Options

In order to reap the benefits of exercise for your MS and overall health, you have many different options, You can work out at home or join a gym. You could also consider social physical activities.

For example, yoga and tai chi can improve balance and coordination. Likewise, for cardiorespiratory exercises, consider dancing, hiking, swimming, power walking, or joining an organized sport, such as tennis or basketball. Simple everyday activities like gardening and household chores can also get your heart pumping.

For muscle strengthening exercises, if you are in a wheelchair, consider doing tricep extensions. If you are ambulatory, do squats. These exercises can be performed within the comfort of your own home.

Tips to Follow When Engaging in Exercise

Before embarking on an exercise regimen, speak with your healthcare provider to ensure your workouts are safe and right for you.

It may also be a good idea to see a physical therapist who has experience working with people with MS. A physical therapist can help you avoid injuries (stretching beforehand is key), as well as come up with exercises that you enjoy and that won't exacerbate your specific MS symptoms.

Many people who have MS experience symptoms that tend to worsen or be exacerbated by a rise in body temperature.

If you are heat-sensitive, keep these tips in mind:

• Schedule your exercise workouts in the early morning when the temperature is cooler and your body temperature is lower.
• Take a tepid bath half an hour prior to exercising.
• Stay hydrated by drinking cold water throughout your workouts.
• Use cooling devices while exercising (e.g., cooling vest, cold packs, or spray bottles).
• Wear light-weight, breathable clothing.
• If exercising indoors, ensure the facility or room is air-conditioned.

A Word From Verywell

If you have MS, exercise—when performed under the right conditions and when tailored to a person's unique needs and disability level—is important for your MS and for your overall health. If you are heat sensitive, you can make a few adjustments to ensure that you don't get too hot when exercising.