How to Perform a Vaginal Self-Exam

While not recommended by medical professionals, some females examine their own vagina and vulva at home. A vaginal self-exam is never a substitute for a professional assessment, but there may be situations when you may need to look at your own vagina and vulva. However, any self-exam of these areas has to be done carefully to reduce the risk of infection or damage to the fragile tissue.

This article discusses the steps for performing a vaginal self-exam. It also covers the limitations and when to see a healthcare provider.

Vaginal vs. Vulvar Self-Exams

A vaginal self-examination is a way to look at your vulva and vagina to better understand your body and to spot problems that may need medical attention. It is not diagnostic since few vaginal diseases can be diagnosed visually.

A vaginal self-exam is not the same as a vulvar examination. When using the term vagina, many people think of the external genitals; however, examining the outside area is the vulva.

Vulvar exams are easier to perform and can detect physical abnormalities that could be caused by genital herpes or HPV. If you see something abnormal on or near your vulva or labia, you should follow up with your healthcare provider for appropriate testing.

Performing a Vaginal Self-Exam

To perform a vaginal self-exam, you will need a strong light such as a flashlight, a mirror, disposable gloves, a vaginal lubricant, and antiseptic soap.

Here is how to do it:

1. Wash your hands with soap and dry them.
2. Place the gloves on your hands and a small amount of lubricant on the glove.
3. Find a place to relax. This can be the floor or your couch, wherever you can feel comfortable.
4. Lie back.
5. Bend your knees, with your feet wide apart.
6. Place the mirror at your feet so that you can see your vulva and vagina.
7. With your gloved hand, open the lips of your vulva to see your vagina.
8. Take note of the color and texture of your vulva and vagina, as well as any skin changes or secretions.

Some people find it easier to have a friend or partner hold the mirror during the exam. Generally speaking, you may want to avoid self-exams during your period as it may be harder to see changes or abnormalities.

Vaginal Changes

There may be many reasons why a person may choose to perform a vaginal self-exam. It may be to learn more about their own body or to detect changes indicative of an infection, ovulation, or pregnancy.

Some changes you might notice:

• Vaginal secretion may thin during ovulation or thicken once fertilization and egg implantation has occurred.
• Changes in color and texture can indicate an infection.
• Sexually transmitted diseases like chlamydia may manifest with redness, itching, pain, and cervical swelling.
• Yeast infections may have a cottage-cheese-like discharge and swelling of the labia.

See Your Healthcare Provider

If you find an abnormality, do not self-diagnose or treat yourself with over-the-counter or home remedies based on that conclusion. See a healthcare provider and go through appropriate diagnostic procedures.

On the other hand, if you don't find any abnormalities, this is not a reason to assume you are "all clear." You should still see your healthcare provider for regular screenings and check-ups.

Even healthcare providers can draw few conclusions from a pelvic exam when used in isolation. For example, bacterial vaginosis and genital herpes are detected around 39% and 48% of the time with a pelvic examination.