Living With a Pacemaker

A pacemaker is a small electronic device that is implanted under the skin to help regulate the heart rhythm. Most pacemakers are implanted to treat symptoms resulting from bradycardia (slow heart rate) caused by sick sinus syndrome or heart block.

Having a pacemaker is supposed to eliminate or prevent problems, not cause them. Generally speaking, that is what they do. Having a pacemaker should not significantly alter or disrupt your life.

As long as you follow a few simple precautions and follow your healthcare provider's schedule for periodic follow-up, your pacemaker should not noticeably impact your lifestyle in any negative way.

After Pacemaker Implantation

Pacemaker implantation is minimally invasive surgery. The typical recovery period is not lengthy or difficult. You may experience pain at the incision site for a few days.

Your healthcare provider may ask you to restrict vigorous activity or lifting heavy objects for a week or two. The incision site is usually completely healed after two or three weeks, and you should have no further restrictions.

During this initial period, you should watch for signs of bleeding or infection, such as swelling, increased redness, or worsening pain, and let your healthcare provider know if any of these signs occur. Fortunately, these complications are infrequent.

You will need to have your pacemaker checked periodically to make sure it is functioning normally and its battery has plenty of energy. Usually, these pacemaker checks can be done from home, wirelessly, using a special device your healthcare provider will give you for remote follow-up. You will also be checked in your healthcare provider's office once or twice a year.

When the battery begins to run out, usually after five to ten years, your healthcare provider will schedule an elective pacemaker replacement. This is a relatively simple procedure, carried out under local anesthesia, in which your old pacemaker generator is detached from its leads and thrown away.

A new generator is then attached, and the incision is sewn up. Generally, the pacemaker leads never need to be replaced unless they develop a problem.

Precautions to Take

Contrary to popular belief, modern home appliances, including microwave ovens, do not interfere with pacemakers and should not cause any concern whatsoever. With certain other devices, there are only a few special precautions you will need to take.

Cellular Telephones

Cellular phones, if held close to the pacemaker (which may happen if the phone is kept in a breast pocket) can potentially affect the function of a pacemaker. But as long as the phone is kept 6 inches or more away from the pacemaker there should not be a problem.

Magnets

Similar to cell phones, magnets can affect a pacemaker if they are brought to within 6 inches or so. Simply keep magnets away from your pacemaker.

Anti-Theft Detectors

The walk-through anti-theft detectors in stores work by generating electromagnetic waves, which can momentarily interfere with the function of a pacemaker. However, as long as you walk through the detector normally, without stopping or pausing, you should not experience any problems. Just keep moving.

Airport Security Metal Detectors

Your pacemaker may set off the walk-through metal detector commonly used in airport security. The metal detector will not affect your pacemaker

But a potential problem is the hand-held scanner the security agent may use on you after you set off the metal detector. The hand-held scanner contains a magnet that may interfere with your pacemaker when it is brought near.

Airport Security Full-Body Scanners

The full-body scanners at airports (the devices that make an image of your body) apparently will not affect your pacemaker, but there is surprisingly little objective evidence available on this issue. 

Arc Welders and Chainsaws

Unlike household appliances, arc welders and chainsaws are powerful enough to interfere with the function of your pacemaker. People with pacemakers should avoid using this equipment.

Radiation Therapy

The powerful radiation used in radiation therapy for cancer can damage the circuits of a pacemaker. If you need radiation therapy, your pacemaker will need to be specially shielded to protect it from the radiation field.

Other Medical Procedures

Pacemakers can also be affected by lithotripsy, which uses sound waves to treat gallstones or kidney stones; transcutaneous electrical nerve/muscle stimulators (TENS), which are used for pain control; electrocautery, used during surgery to control bleeding; and diathermy, where electromagnetic radiation or microwaves are used to heat tissues.

A Word From Verywell

Pacemakers are supposed to improve or maintain your lifestyle, not limit it. And for the most part, this is what happens. Once you recover from the implantation surgery, none of the precautions you need to take are particularly burdensome, and you won't encounter most of them during your daily life.

For the most part, once your pacemaker is implanted, you can go through your normal life without ever thinking about it.