NEWS Health News Monkeypox Outbreak Spreads to the U.S. By Valerie DeBenedette Valerie DeBenedette Valerie DeBenedette has over 30 years' experience writing about health and medicine. She is the former managing editor of Drug Topics magazine. Learn about our editorial process Published on May 24, 2022 Fact checked Verywell Health content is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. We rely on the most current and reputable sources, which are cited in the text and listed at the bottom of each article. Content is fact checked after it has been edited and before publication. Learn more. by Nick Blackmer Fact checked by Nick Blackmer LinkedIn Nick Blackmer is a librarian, fact-checker, and researcher with more than 20 years’ experience in consumer-oriented health and wellness content. Learn about our editorial process Share Tweet Email Print Andrii Tokarchuk / Getty Images Key Takeaways Small outbreaks of a viral infection called monkeypox are occurring around the world. The United States has one confirmed case, with more expected. According to the World Health Organization, monkeypox has a low fatality rate of 3-6%. An approved vaccine for monkeypox is estimated to be 85% effective at preventing the virus. Cases of monkeypox—a viral disease that causes fever, swollen glands, and a painful, blistering rash—have been identified in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed a case in Massachusetts and is investigating possible cases in New York City, Florida, and Utah. Outbreaks are also occurring in Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and several countries in Europe. However, your risk of contracting monkeypox is still low. “Monkeypox has never caused a sustained outbreak in the United States,” Robert Amler, MD, former chief medical officer at the CDC’s Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, told Verywell via email. “It is most prevalent in Western and Central Africa, and mostly spread by animal contact, scratches, and bites—most commonly from rodents and occasionally from close contact with an infected human or by handling bushmeat.” What Is Monkeypox? Monkeypox is caused by a virus that is a close—but milder—cousin of smallpox. According to the CDC, it was first identified in 1958 in Africa in monkeys being used for research, and was first diagnosed in a human in 1970. What You Need to Know About Smallpox Symptoms Most outbreaks since then have occurred in Africa. Cases outside of Africa are usually identified in people who have been traveling internationally or have been in contact with imported animals. It is unlikely that monkeypox would go unrecognized by physicians or other healthcare workers in the U.S., Amler said. “The blistering rash and swollen lymph nodes are quite pronounced and unlikely to be missed,” he explained. Why Is Monkeypox Spreading Now? Because there isn’t usually much person-to-person transmission, outbreaks of monkeypox are generally easy to stop, Hannah Newman, MPH, director of infection control at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York, told Verywell. However, outbreaks in Europe and Australia may involve more person-to-person transmission, which can occur through touching or other close contact with bodily fluids, she noted. “This time around, we’re seeing a bit more evidence of transmission by sexual encounters,” she said. “There has been more evidence of person-to-person transmission, but it’s nothing close to what we see with illnesses like flu, COVID-19, or measles.” The CDC says that cases in Europe and North America have included men who say they have had sex with men. But it’s important to note monkeypox is not a sexually transmitted infection—it’s just spread through prolonged close contact, including through respiratory droplets from sneezes or coughs. How Long Does Monkeypox Last? Monkeypox lasts for two to four weeks and can be treated with antiviral drugs and drugs to bring down a fever and control pain. Once the blisters have scabbed over and dried, the person is no longer infectious. Is There a Monkeypox Vaccine? In 2019, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a vaccine called Jynneos for preventing both smallpox and monkeypox. The vaccine, which is up to 85% effective at preventing monkeypox, requires two injections four weeks apart. Right now, the vaccine is only approved for us in people age 18 and older who are determined to be at high risk for smallpox or monkeypox. But the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) is currently evaluating who else may benefit from the shot. Jynneos is also an option for treating monkeypox. The CDC says that if the vaccine is administered within four days of exposure, it can help prevent the onset of monkeypox. CNN reports the Strategic National Stockpile is fielding a request to release the Jynneos vaccine. Over 1,000 doses are currently available. What This Means For You Despite all the headlines about monkeypox, your risk of contracting the virus is still low. If you do get monkeypox, your symptoms will typically resolve after two to four weeks. Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Sign Up You're in! Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. There was an error. Please try again. What are your concerns? Other Inaccurate Hard to Understand Submit 4 Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022 United States monkeypox case. World Health Organization. Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries. Food and Drug Administration. Jynneos. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Monkeypox and smallpox vaccine guidance.