10 Natural Remedies for Depression

In a given year, an estimated 21 million adults in the United States will have at least one major depressive episode. Many people with depression do not seek treatment, although the majority can benefit from treatment.

A number of preliminary studies suggest that certain natural remedies for depression may work well for some people, but more studies are needed to determine if they're as effective or more effective than antidepressants.

If you're considering the use of any supplement or remedy, talk to your healthcare provider first. Keep in mind that self-treating depression and avoiding or delaying standard care can have serious health consequences.

Depression may be treated with medication, therapy, and a combination of natural remedies. This article discusses eight natural remedies for depression to consider.

St. John's Wort

The herb St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) has long been used in folk medicine for treating depression, worry, nervousness, and poor sleep.

It may take three to sixweeks of taking St. John's wort to notice the full effect.

Side effects may include dizziness, dry mouth, indigestion, and fatigue. St. John's wort increases photosensitivity, so caution should be taken to protect skin and eyes from sunlight.

St. John's wort can interfere with the effectiveness of prescription and over-the-counter drugs, such as drugs to treat HIV infections and AIDS, drugs to prevent organ rejection for transplant patients, and oral contraceptives. It can also cause potentially dangerous interactions with certain antidepressants and other drugs that increase serotonin.

St. John's wort is not recommended for pregnant or nursing women, children, or people with bipolar disorder, liver disease, or kidney disease.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of fat needed for normal brain function. Our bodies cannot make omega-3 fatty acids, so they must be obtained through diet.

Studies have linked depression with low dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids and have also found that countries with higher fish consumption, such as Japan, have a lower rate of depression.

Cold water fish such as salmon, sardines, and anchovies are the richest food source of omega-3 fatty acids.

Fish oil and cod liver oil are also available. Although fish may contain pollutants such as PCBs, many companies filter the oil so that these chemicals are removed.

Fish oil capsules may increase bleeding risk, particularly if combined with blood thinners such as warfarin and aspirin. Side effects may also include indigestion and other gastrointestinal issues.

SAM-e

S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e) is a compound found naturally in the human body that may increase levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine. Several studies have found SAM-e to be more effective than placebo for the treatment of depression, but more research is needed.

In North America, SAM-e is available in supplement form in health food stores, drug stores, and online. Proponents typically recommend the enteric-coated form for maximum absorption.

Folic Acid

Folate is a B vitamin found in green leafy vegetables, fruit, beans, and fortified grains. It’s possible to become deficient in the vitamin due to a deficiency in the diet or as a side effect of certain medications, such as anti-seizure medications or antacids. 

Preliminary research suggests that a low folate level may make antidepressants less effective for some people. Taking folic acid in supplement form may improve the effectiveness of antidepressants for some individuals.

5-HTP

5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), is produced naturally in the body and is used in the formation of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Although taking 5-HTP in supplement form may theoretically boost the body's serotonin levels, many experts report that there is not enough evidence to determine the safety and efficacy of 5-HTP. It should not be combined with certain antidepressants.

Saffron

Recent studies have shown saffron may improve symptoms of depression. However, there are concerns about toxicity at high doses and pregnant women should avoid taking saffron. At lower doses, side effects may include drowsiness, stomach upset, nausea or vomiting, and possible allergic reactions. 

DHEA

Dehydroepiandrosterone, also called DHEA, is a hormone made by the body. Low levels of DHEA in the body have been linked to depression. Some studies have shown improvement in depression symptoms when taking DHEA as a supplement.  

DHEA has been used safely for up to 2 years, usually in doses of 50 mg daily. Side effects may include acne and upset stomach.

Eat Healthy

Nutrition can play a key role in treating and managing depression. A 2017 review of 21 studies suggests that a healthy eating pattern may decrease the risk of depression. A healthy eating pattern included high intakes of fruit, vegetables, whole grains, fish, olive oil, low-fat dairy, and antioxidants. Other recommendations include paying attention to the following:

Sweets: Sweets temporarily make you feel good as blood sugar rises but may worsen your mood later when blood glucose levels plummet.

Alcohol: Even though alcohol can temporarily relax some people, the effects are short-lived. Avoid alcohol as it can potentially worsen mood swings, anxiety, depression, and insomnia.

Vitamin B6: Vitamin B6 is needed to produce the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine. Although deficiency of vitamin B6 is rare, people taking oral contraceptives or drugs for tuberculosis may be at higher risk for a deficiency.

Magnesium: Most people do not get enough magnesium in their diets. Good sources of magnesium include legumes, nuts, whole grains, and green vegetables. Like vitamin B6, magnesium is needed for serotonin production.

Exercise

Regular exercise is one of the most effective and inexpensive ways to improve mood and can be integrated into any medical treatment plan. Exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, releases mood-elevating chemicals in the brain and can decrease stress hormones.

Choose something you enjoy and will stick with, such as:

• Going to the gym
• Signing up for dance classes
• Playing tennis
• Gardening
• Swimming
• Hiking
• Kickboxing
• Tai Chi
• Brisk walking outside for at least 30 minutes, five days a week

Start with the amount of exercise that is manageable for you, even if it's less than 30 minutes. Any amount of exercise is progress.

Try Light Therapy

Getting enough sunlight may be effective in helping reduce the seasonal mood changes that occur in the darker winter months.

Exposure to light in the morning (e.g., by taking a walk outside) may help the body's sleep/wake cycle function properly. The production of serotonin, a brain chemical that is key in influencing mood, is turned on in the morning upon exposure to light. During the winter when there is less sunlight, serotonin levels can drop, sometimes leading to fatigue or symptoms of seasonal affective disorder (SAD).

Another option is bright light therapy (10,000 lux). There are different types available, from lightboxes to visors, that are typically used for about 30 minutes a day. 

Although they are rather expensive, ranging from $150 to $500, the cost may be covered by insurance.

When to See a Healthcare Provider

If you are experiencing any of the following depression symptoms that persist, talk with a healthcare provider:

• Ongoing sad, anxious, or “empty” mood
• Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism
• Feelings of irritability, frustration‚ or restlessness
• Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness
• Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies or activities
• Decreased energy, fatigue, or being “slowed down”
• Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions
• Difficulty sleeping, early morning awakening, or oversleeping
• Changes in appetite or unplanned weight changes
• Aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems without a clear physical cause that do not improve with treatment
  

Summary

Some studies suggest that certain natural remedies for depression may be beneficial. If you're considering the use of any supplement or remedy, talk to your healthcare provider first. Natural remedies should be monitored by a healthcare provider for potential drug interactions and effectiveness.

Keep in mind that self-treating depression and avoiding or delaying standard care can have serious health consequences. Along with natural remedies, medication and therapy may also be needed to treat depression.