Arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis New and Experimental Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis By Julie Marks Julie Marks LinkedIn Julie Marks is a freelance writer with more than 17 years of experience covering health, lifestyle, parenting, science, and medical topics. Learn about our editorial process Published on May 19, 2022 Medically reviewed by David Ozeri, MD Medically reviewed by David Ozeri, MD LinkedIn David Ozeri, MD, is a board-certified rheumatologist from Tel Aviv, Israel specializing in arthritis, autoimmune diseases, and biologic therapies. Learn about our Medical Expert Board Print Table of Contents View All Table of Contents Experimental Options Latest RA Treatments Progress How to Stay Informed Financial Assistance Side Effects Alternative Therapy FAQs Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease. In RA, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in your body, which causes joint swelling, pain, and stiffness. RA can also affect other areas, including your lungs, heart, and eyes. About 1.5 million people in the United States have RA. While there’s currently no cure for the disease, researchers have identified many treatments in recent years that can help lessen symptoms and minimize joint damage. Read on to learn more about new and experimental therapies for RA management. Grace Cary / Getty Images What Are Experimental Therapies for RA? Experimental therapies are new treatments that show promise but aren’t yet proven for treating certain medical conditions, such as RA. Researchers test these therapies in clinical trials to see how well they work. If the medicines are shown to be safe and effective in clinical trials, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may approve them for use in the general public. News on Latest RA Treatment The latest treatments for RA may help patients find more relief, so they can get back to doing what they enjoy most. Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors JAK inhibitors are some of the newest treatments to gain FDA approval for RA. These medications come in pill form and help stop a person’s immune system from producing certain enzymes that can stimulate inflammation. JAK inhibitors may be used alone or with other RA medicines for a compound effect. FDA-Approved JAK Inhibitors The FDA has approved the following JAK inhibitors for RA:Xeljanz (tofacitinib)Olumiant (baricitinib)Rinvoq (upadacitinib)Researchers are expecting more of these types of drugs to be approved in the future. Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitor Researchers are studying an experimental medicine called fenebrutinib, which blocks the action of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), an enzyme that promotes inflammation in the body. In a phase 2 clinical trial, fenebrutinib was effective at reducing RA activity in patients with an inadequate response to other treatments. Fenebrutinib showed similar results when compared to the popular RA drug Humira (adalimumab). While more research is needed, scientists are excited about the potential of BTK inhibitors for helping people with RA. Neurostimulation Researchers are studying the potential of vagus nerve stimulation, a treatment that uses electrical impulses to stimulate the vagus nerve, which runs from the brain stem to the stomach. This nerve is involved in regulating inflammation in the body. In a small pilot study, investigators implanted vagus nerve neurostimulators or placebos in 14 people with RA. Results showed that four out of six of the patients who received the vagus nerve stimulation once a day for 12 weeks reported symptom improvement. Other Uses for VNS Vagus nerve stimulation has also been used to treat other conditions, such as epilepsy and depression. Supplements In recent years, several clinical trials have been conducted to test supplements as possible treatments for RA. Some compounds that have shown promise for RA include: Capsaicin Turmeric Omega-3 fatty acids Ginger Garlic CBD oil Boswellia serrata (Indian frankincense) You should always talk to your healthcare provider before using a supplement, as many can interact with other medications you take. Other Treatments Several other treatments are on the horizon for RA. For example, researchers in Australia are conducting the first human trial of DEN-181, a vaccine for people with RA. Scientists are also experimenting with ways to train stem cells to become “smart cells” by fighting inflammation, turning on and off, and delivering biologic drugs. What You Need to Know About Tylenol Arthritis Progress Over Last Three Decades Treatments for RA have evolved dramatically over the last three decades. Some of the first therapies focused only on providing symptom relief. Then, treatment options progressed to impact disease activity and slow joint damage. Current Options Today, people with RA have many newer options, including disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS), biologic agents, and JAK inhibitors. Ways to Stay Informed on New RA Treatment If you have RA, staying informed about the latest treatment options can be helpful. You might want to share information you learn with your healthcare provider and ask if you're a candidate for new therapies. Some helpful resources to check out include: Arthritis Foundation American College of Rheumatology Creaky Joints Guide to RA Pain and Treatment Options Affordability and Financial Assistance RA therapies can be costly. In fact, biologic medicines are some of the most expensive drugs on the market, costing, on average, $10,000 to $30,000 a year. The most expensive can run more than $500,000. If you can’t afford your recommended medications, talk to your healthcare provider or pharmacist about ways to cut your costs. Many organizations, such as Good Days, provide financial assistance to people with chronic illnesses. Drug companies may also offer discounts to patients in need. It also might help to check out websites like GoodRx and RxSaver for coupons and where to find the lowest prices in your area. RA Drug Side Effects As with most treatments, RA drugs can cause unwanted symptoms. Possible side effects of JAK inhibitors include: Nausea Headaches Diarrhea Indigestion Upper respiratory infections or other infections An increase in cholesterol levels Abnormal blood counts or liver function tests An increased risk of bowel perforation Kidney function problems New Warning About JAK inhibitors In September 2021, the FDA announced that JAK inhibitors are required to carry warnings about an increased risk of heart-related events, cancer, blood clots, and death. Complementary Therapy Approaches Making lifestyle changes or trying complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies may help reduce symptoms in people with RA. Some approaches that may be useful include: Acupuncture Tai chi or yoga Cryotherapy Hydrotherapy Massage How Lifestyle Choices Impact RA Summary Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting the joints. Though effective treatment options are available, scientists are always looking for new and better ways to treat RA. JAK inhibitors, BTK inhibitors, vagus nerve stimulation, stem cells, and vaccines are some novel treatments being explored. As researchers and healthcare providers learn more about what causes RA, therapeutic options are likely to improve even more in the coming years. A Word From Verywell If you live with RA, you likely experience pain that impacts your daily life. Fortunately, experimental treatments are showing promise. Some are already available, and others may be an option soon. Arming yourself with information about your disease and available therapies can help you manage your condition. Frequently Asked Questions What’s the best treatment for rheumatoid arthritis? The best RA treatment for you will depend on many factors, including the severity of your disease, what medicines you've tried in the past, and your medical history. Your healthcare provider can help you determine which treatment will be most effective for you. Learn More: How RA Is Treated What should you do if RA treatment doesn’t work? If an RA treatment doesn't work, you should talk to your healthcare provider about other options. There are many therapies available, and you may have to try a few before you find an effective one. Can you enroll in clinical trials to get access to newer RA drugs? Yes, clinical trials are ongoing to test newer RA drugs. You can talk to your healthcare provider about these studies. Or, visit clinicaltrials.gov to search for trials in your area. 13 Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Arthritis Foundation. Arthritis by the numbers. Jamilloux Y, El Jammal T, Vuitton L, et al. JAK inhibitors for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 2019;18(11):102390. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102390 Global Healthy Living Foundation: Creaky Joints. Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors. Cohen S, Tuckwell K, Katsumoto TR, et al. Fenebrutinib compared to placebo and adalimumab in patients with inadequate response to either methotrexate therapy or prior tnf therapy: phase 2 study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2019;78(Suppl 2):80-81. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.4469 Arthritis Foundation. Future rheumatoid arthritis therapy: vagus nerve stimulation. Genovese MC, Gaylis N, Sikes D, et al. First-in-human study of novel implanted vagus nerve stimulation device to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2019;78(Suppl 2):264-264. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.8716 Arthritis Foundation. 9 supplements for arthritis. Sonigra A, Nel H, Ramnoruth N, et al. A phase i, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single center, single-dose escalation to investigate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneously administered den-181 in adult patients with acpa+ rheumatoid arthritis on stable methotrexate. American College of Rheumatology Meeting Abstracts. 2019. Shams S, Martinez JM, Dawson JRD, et al. The therapeutic landscape of rheumatoid arthritis: current state and future directions. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:680043. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.680043 Upchurch, K and Kay, J. Evolution of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology. 2012;51(suppl 6):vi28-vi36. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kes278 Chen BK, Yang YT, Bennett CL. Why biologics and biosimilars remain so expensive: despite two wins for biosimilars, the supreme court’s recent rulings do not solve fundamental barriers to competition. Drugs. 2018;78(17):1777-1781. doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-1009-0 U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA requires warnings about increased risk of serious heart-related events, cancer, blood clots, and death for JAK inhibitors that treat certain chronic inflammatory conditions. See Our Editorial Process Meet Our Medical Expert Board Share Feedback Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! What is your feedback? Other Helpful Report an Error Submit