Hepatitis Hepatitis C Hepatitis C Guide Hepatitis C Guide Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Coping Prevention Prevention of Hepatitis C Virus Infection By Charles Daniel Charles Daniel, MPH, CHES is an infectious disease epidemiologist, specializing in hepatitis. Learn about our editorial process Charles Daniel Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Andy Miller, MD on August 21, 2019 Andy Miller, MD, is board-certified in infectious disease and internal medicine. He is an associate professor at Weill Cornell Medicine, associate attending physician at the Hospital for Special Surgery and New York Presbyterian Hospital and a fellow of the Infectious Disease Society of America. Learn about our Medical Review Board Andy Miller, MD on August 21, 2019 Print Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is spread only by direct contact with blood that contains the virus. There are ways to prevent yourself from becoming infected. © Verywell, 2018 Do Not Inject Drugs or Share Needles Drug Use Intravenous (IV) drug use, or injecting drugs in any way, is the leading single cause of the spread of HCV. To protect yourself, avoiding the use of used needles is the single best way to stop the spread of HCV. It is difficult to abruptly stop using addictive drugs. If you are addicted to illegal drugs, a needle exchange program may be available in your area. These programs offer ways to get sterile syringes and many of these programs provide additional services, such as referrals to drug treatment centers, counseling, and primary health care. For more information, check with your local department of public health. Medical Use If you use needles for medical care, always use sterile equipment and do not share needles for any reason. Avoid Unprotected Sex The risks of becoming infected with HCV from an infected sexual partner increases if you have contact with blood, have unprotected sex, or have multiple sexual partners. Co-infection with HIV or other sexually transmitted diseases also increases the risk of infection. Wearing a condom or insisting that your partner uses a condom is an effective method of avoiding transmission of HCV. Use Licensed Tattoo, Piercing and Acupuncture Studios Tattoos and piercings can be the source of HCV infection if a contaminated needle is used. If the needles or equipment used on your body are not properly sterilized, you could be exposed to blood-borne diseases, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. Acupuncture, fillers, cosmetic injections and other therapeutic procedures can also be sources of HCV transmission. Make sure that any facility you use is licensed and that sterile needles are used for all bodywork. Do Not Share Razors Sharing razors are not as high risk as sharing needles when it comes to HCV infection. However, if these items have blood on them, there is a possibility of spreading HCV. Shaving often results in nicks to the skin that cause bleeding and can leave trace amounts of blood on a razor. Make sure you use only your own razor and ensure nobody else uses it. Do Not Share Nail Clippers Although there is a small risk of becoming infected with HCV from nail clippers, they have the potential to spread HCV because they may come into contact with blood. Do Not Share Toothbrushes Toothbrushes are often contaminated with blood. People with open sores in their mouths or bleeding gums can easily get blood on their toothbrushes. There is a test that can identify the presence of HCV antibodies (immune-fighting proteins) in the saliva, but generally, HCV is not believed to be spread by saliva. There Is No Available Vaccination for HCV So far, there is no vaccine that you or your child can take to protect against HCV. There are many strains of the virus and they mutate (change genetic characteristics) rapidly. This makes it difficult to identify a particular virus for which a vaccine could be developed. Living With Hepatitis C Virus Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Sign Up You're in! Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. There was an error. Please try again. What are your concerns? Other Inaccurate Hard to Understand Submit Article Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis C Questions and Answers for Health Professionals. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Updated April 9, 2020. cdc.gov Tohme RA, Holmberg SD. Transmission of hepatitis C virus infection through tattooing and piercing: a critical review. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(8):1167–1178. doi:10.1093/cid/cir991 Karmochkine M, Carrat F, Dos Santos O, Cacoub P, Raguin G. A case-control study of risk factors for hepatitis C infection in patients with unexplained routes of infection. J Viral Hepat. 2006;13(11):775–782. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00742.x Sohn HS, Kim JR, Ryu SY, et al. Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection in Areas with a High Prevalence of HCV in the Republic of Korea in 2013. Gut Liver. 2016;10(1):126–132. doi:10.5009/gnl14403 Cavalheiro Nde P, De La Rosa A, Elagin S, Tengan FM, Araújo ES, Barone AA. Hepatitis C: sexual or intrafamilial transmission? Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus in 24 infected couples. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2009;42(3):239–244. doi:10.1590/s0037-86822009000300001 Lock G, Dirscherl M, Obermeier F, et al. Hepatitis C - contamination of toothbrushes: myth or reality?. J Viral Hepat. 2006;13(9):571–573. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00735.x Callendret B, Walker CM. Will there be a vaccine to protect against the hepatitis C virus?. Gastroenterology. 2012;142(6):1384–1387. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.02.010 Additional Reading Dibba P, Cholankeril R, Li AA, et al. Hepatitis C in Pregnancy. Diseases. 2018 Apr 27;6(2). pii: E31. doi: 10.3390/diseases6020031. Fraser H, Martin NK, Brummer-Korvenkontio H,et al. Model projections on the impact of HCV treatment in the prevention of HCV transmission among people who inject drugs in Europe. J Hepatol. 2018 Mar;68(3):402-411. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.10.010. Epub 2018 Jan 8.