Heart Health Heart Disease Treatment Ranexa for Treating Angina By Richard N. Fogoros, MD facebook linkedin Richard N. Fogoros, MD, is a retired professor of medicine and board-certified internal medicine physician and cardiologist. Learn about our editorial process Richard N. Fogoros, MD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Anisha Shah, MD on April 28, 2020 linkedin Anisha Shah, MD, is board-certified in internal medicine and cardiology. She served as a Medical Advisor at Cigna, Physician Editor at MCG Health, and is currently a Physician Clinician Reviewer at Magellan Health. Learn about our Medical Review Board Anisha Shah, MD Updated on April 28, 2020 Print Pillbox/Ranexa Ranexa (ranolazine) is a relatively new drug, with a unique mechanism of action, used mainly for the treatment of chronic stable angina, though it is sometimes used for other cardiovascular conditions that produce chest pain as well. Ranexa has been shown to significantly improve the amount of time patients with stable angina are able to exercise before developing symptoms, and was approved by the FDA in 2008 as a first-line agent for angina. What Is Angina? Angina is pain or discomfort in the chest that results from the heart muscle being deprived of oxygen-rich blood. Some describe the feeling as pressure or squeezing, and the discomfort can be felt in the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw or back in addition to the chest. Angina pain may even feel like indigestion. Angina is a symptom rather than a disease in and of itself. Usually, it signals that a person has atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD), resulting in a narrowing of one or more of the coronary arteries. When people with CAD stress their hearts (for instance, when they exert themselves), the region of the heart muscle that is supplied by the narrowed artery can become ischemic, which means it is deprived of oxygen. When heart muscle becomes ischemic, angina often occurs. How Does Ranexa Benefit Angina? Ranexa has a unique mechanism of action, and as a result it can be added to other anti-anginal medications (such as beta blockers and nitrates) to improve the control of this symptom. Originally it was believed that Ranexa caused the heart muscle to switch from using fatty acids to glucose for energy production, which would reduce the amount of oxygen the heart muscle needed to function —and thus would diminish ischemia. More recently, however, researchers learned that the principal effect of Ranexa is actually to block what is called the "late inward sodium channel" in heart cells. This sodium channel increases the calcium concentration inside of cardiac cells, and increases the muscle contraction and energy usage of the heart muscle. By blocking this sodium channel (which it does only in ischemic cells, so it does not affect “normal” heart cells), Ranexa improves the metabolism in ischemic heart cells, reducing damage to the heart muscle, and also reducing angina symptoms. When Is Ranexa Useful? The chief utility of Ranexa is in the treatment of a person with chronic, stable angina. Ranexa can significantly reduce the frequency of angina episodes and increases the amount of exercise that can be performed without experiencing angina. It is usually combined with more standard anti-anginal drug therapy. A few studies have suggested that Ranexa may also be useful (in addition to standard therapy) in the management of unstable angina. In addition, Ranexa has shown promise in the treatment of microvascular angina. How Is Ranexa Taken? Ranexa comes as 500 mg and 1000 mg extended-release tablets, and generic forms of ranolazine are also available. The usual dose is 500 mg twice per day, but may be increased to 1000 mg twice per day. Ranexa is one of the drugs that should not be taken along with grapefruit or grapefruit juice, which can increase the blood levels of Ranexa and make side effects more likely. Side Effects With Ranexa The most common reported side effects of Ranexa are headache, constipation, and nausea. Other less serious side effects may include: dizziness or a spinning sensationheadachedry mouthweaknessringing in the ears In addition, while taking Ranexa, it is important to pay attention to any of the following serious side effects and seek immediate guidance from your physician if they occur: feeling as though you might pass outswelling in the hands, ankles, or feetslow, fast, or pounding heartbeatstremorsblood in the urineurinating less frequently or not at allshortness of breathrashes, bruising, tingling, numbness, pain, or muscle weakness Initially, a chief concern about Ranexa was that it can prolong the "QT interval" on the ECG (a measurement of electrical activity within the heart). Some drugs with this effect can increase the risk of developing dangerous heart arrhythmias. However, careful studies have shown this risk to be minimal or nonexistent with Ranexa. In fact, Ranexa now has been shown to actually reduce the risk of developing ventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation, and is sometimes used off-label as an antiarrhythmic drug. In addition, people with cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver should not take Ranexa, and neither should people taking St. John's wort and certain other medications for: fungus infectiondepressionHIVtuberculosis (TB)seizures Studies suggest that side effects are more common in people over 75 years of age, and this drug should be used with caution in older individuals. Pregnant women are advised not to take Ranexa. A Word From Verywell Ranexa is a unique anti-anginal drug that has proven to be useful in the treatment of chronic stable angina, and that can be used in other chest pain syndromes as well. Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! Did you know the most common forms of heart disease are largely preventable? Our guide will show you what puts you at risk, and how to take control of your heart health. Sign Up You're in! Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. There was an error. Please try again. What are your concerns? Other Inaccurate Hard to Understand Submit Article Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Kosiborod M, Arnold SV, Spertus JA, et al. Evaluation of ranolazine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic stable angina: results from the TERISA randomized clinical trial (Type 2 Diabetes Evaluation of Ranolazine in Subjects With Chronic Stable Angina). J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61:2038. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.02.011 Morrow DA, Scirica BM, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E, et al. Effects of ranolazine on recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: the MERLIN-TIMI 36 randomized trial. JAMA 2007; 297:1775. DOI:10.1001/jama.297.16.1775 Mehta PK, Goykhman P, Thomson LE, et al. Ranolazine improves angina in women with evidence of myocardial ischemia but no obstructive coronary artery disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 4:514. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2011.03.007 Additional Reading Belardinelli L, Shryock JC, Fraser H. The mechanism of ranolazine action to reduce ischemia-induced diastolic dysfunction. Eur Heart J Suppl (February 2006) 8 (suppl A): A10-A13. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/sui091. Chaitman, BR. Ranolazine for the treatment of chronic angina and potential use in other cardiovascular conditions. Circulation 2006; 113:2462.