Symptoms of a Ruptured Ovarian Cyst

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that often form on or in an ovary (a reproductive organ that produces eggs). It is normal for certain types of ovarian cysts called follicular cysts to rupture when ovulation occurs during the menstrual cycle. Ruptured ovarian cysts may cause no symptoms.

If there are symptoms, the most common is lower abdominal pain (usually on one side) when the cyst bursts. It may be followed by discomfort for several days. The pain is usually sharp. Vaginal spotting or bleeding may also occur.

Medical attention is required for serious symptoms, such as severe pain, fever, heavy bleeding, and nausea.

This article will discuss ruptured ovarian cyst symptoms, from mild to severe. It will also provide information about potential complications and when you should seek medical care.

Common Symptoms

When an ovarian cyst ruptures, the most common symptom is sudden, severe pain in the lower abdomen.

In addition to pain, you may also have:

• Vaginal spotting
• Light to moderate vaginal bleeding
• Abdominal bloating

Most ruptured ovarian cysts heal on their own. Even so, let a healthcare provider know your symptoms so they can assess your need for medical attention.

A ruptured ovarian cyst may cause ongoing discomfort for several days. Mild pain or discomfort can be treated at home with over-the-counter (OTC) medication. You may also feel the need to rest and avoid strenuous activity.

Rare Symptoms

In some instances, a ruptured ovarian cyst may cause severe symptoms that indicate the need for immediate medical attention or hospitalization. While less common, these symptoms include:

• Severe lower abdominal pain
• Heavy vaginal bleeding
• Fever
• Nausea and vomiting
• Cold, clammy skin
• Feeling faint or dizzy

Complications/Subgroup Indications

Heavy bleeding in the abdomen is a potentially life-threatening symptom of a ruptured ovarian cyst. Excessive blood and fluid loss can result in low blood pressure.

Running a fever may indicate an infection in the ovary. If an infected ovarian cyst ruptures, sepsis may occur. Sepsis is an extreme overreaction of the immune system to the presence of harmful pathogens in the body. It is a potentially life-threatening medical emergency that requires immediate attention.

You are more likely to have an infected cyst if you also have pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID is typically caused by a sexually transmitted infection (STI), such as chlamydia or gonorrhea.

Severe nausea and vomiting accompanied by intense lower abdominal pain may indicate ovarian torsion. Ovarian torsion is a separate condition that's caused by twisting of the ovary around the ligaments that hold it in place.

Ovarian torsion can occur with or without an ovarian cyst rupture. This condition cuts off the blood supply to the ovary, which can damage fertility (the ability to become pregnant). Surgery is often required to "untwist" the ovary and restore blood flow to the area. Untreated ovarian torsion can result in loss of the ovary and fallopian tube.

Ovarian cysts may rupture during pregnancy. If you're in your first trimester, the symptoms of an ovarian cyst may be confused with an ectopic pregnancy (a nonviable fertilized egg implanting in a place other than the uterus). Both conditions require immediate medical attention.

If you're pregnant and experience mild or severe symptoms similar to those of a ruptured ovarian cyst, contact a healthcare provider immediately.

Ruptured ovarian cysts are most likely to occur in people who still have a menstrual cycle. If you seek medical evaluation of your symptoms, you will most likely have an ultrasound (a type of imaging using sound waves) to determine the cause of your symptoms.

When to See a Healthcare Provider/Go to a Hospital

Ruptured ovarian cysts are common. Complications from this condition are rare but can occur. Contact a healthcare provider immediately if you experience intense pain, fever, or other symptoms.

Untreated complications earmarked by symptoms like heavy bleeding and fever are potentially life-threatening medical emergencies. Prompt treatment is essential to stop complications, including loss of the ovary.

Summary

Ovarian cysts are common and typically don't cause a problem if they rupture. A ruptured ovarian cyst may be asymptomatic or cause mild symptoms.

Most ruptured cysts go away on their own without the need for medical intervention. In rare instances, serious symptoms and complications can occur. Symptoms such as intense pain, fever, and nausea may indicate serious or life-threatening complications that require immediate medical attention.

A Word From Verywell

If you suddenly have intense abdominal pain, your first reaction may be fear. That is understandable. Keep in mind that if the pain is due to a ruptured ovarian cyst, in most cases it will self-resolve without needing treatment. However, call a healthcare provider and let them know what's happening.

If the symptoms don't go away, or if they get worse, you need to take action fast. Acting quickly can significantly reduce your chances of unwanted complications.