Blood Disorders Hyperkalemia Guide Hyperkalemia Guide Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Diet Signs and Symptoms of Hyperkalemia By Tanya Feke, MD facebook twitter linkedin Tanya Feke, MD, is a board-certified family physician, patient advocate and best-selling author of "Medicare Essentials: A Physician Insider Explains the Fine Print." Learn about our editorial process Tanya Feke, MD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Andy Miller, MD on July 25, 2019 Andy Miller, MD, is board-certified in internal medicine and infectious disease. He is an associate professor at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City. Learn about our Medical Review Board Andy Miller, MD on July 25, 2019 Print Table of Contents View All Neurologic Symptoms Musculoskeletal Symptoms GI Symptoms Cardiovascular Symptoms When to See a Doctor Next in Hyperkalemia Guide Causes and Risk Factors of Hyperkalemia Without potassium, we could not live. The electrolyte is responsible for a number of essential life functions. Not only is potassium responsible for regulating water balance in the body, it keeps the heart pumping, the muscles contracting, the gut digesting, and your nerves firing. That said, too much of a good thing can be harmful. High potassium, medically known as hyperkalemia, is a common laboratory finding. The diagnosis is made when levels in the blood are greater than 5.5 mEq/L. Interestingly, most people do not get any symptoms from it. When they do, those symptoms are often mild and nonspecific, including common complaints like fatigue and generalized weakness. Most people do not experience more concerning symptoms until their potassium level reaches 7.0 mEq/L or more. However, symptoms can occur at lower levels if the potassium level rises abruptly. Keep an eye out for these symptoms. Verywell / Joshua Seong Neurologic Symptoms Normally, there is more potassium inside and more sodium outside of any given cell. This gradient of electrolytes helps to drive the sodium-potassium ATPase pump that is needed to set off an action potential. Without an action potential, a nerve cannot generate an impulse. Too much potassium outside of a cell changes the electrolyte gradient so that an action potential is slower to trigger and, in the worst case scenario, may not occur at all. Given this, common neurologic symptoms of hyperkalemia can include: Decreased reflexesTinglingNumbness (rare) Musculoskeletal Symptoms Nerves, in turn, can then stimulate muscle fibers—cardiac, skeletal, or smooth—to contract. If potassium affects action potentials, it by default affects muscle function too. Skeletal muscles, also called striated muscles, are the muscles that are attached to your bones. They allow you to move your arms and legs and other parts of your body. A muscle that does not receive nerve impulses could have a difficult time contracting or could become weak. Musculoskeletal symptoms of hyperkalemia can include: Muscle weaknessParalysis (rare) GI Symptoms Smooth muscle lines the GI tract and is necessary to propel food from your esophagus all the way through the colon in a process known as peristalsis. When potassium levels are high, smooth muscle contractions may be too weak to coordinate that forward movement through the GI tract. This can lead to nausea, vomiting, and the build-up of abdominal gas. Gastrointestinal symptoms of hyperkalemia can include: Abdominal gas and bloatingNauseaDiarrheaVomiting (rare) Cardiovascular Symptoms The heart conducts signals between cells called myocytes. Action potentials are needed to send the automatic impulses to the myocytes that keep your heart beating. When blood levels of potassium are too high, contractions of the heart may not be forceful enough to pump enough blood out of the heart to the brain and other organs. The heart rate can also slow down from the delayed firing of action potentials. In that way, abnormal heart rhythms can also develop. Depending on the arrhythmia, this could be a life-threatening situation. Cardiac symptoms of hyperkalemia can include: Slow heart ratePalpitations and cardiac arrhythmiaChest painCardiac arrest (rare) When to See a Doctor Remember that most people do not develop symptoms until their potassium level is above 7.0 mEq/L. If you develop any of the symptoms above, especially across different body systems, you could have very high levels of potassium. Hyperkalemia Doctor Discussion Guide Get our printable guide for your next doctor's appointment to help you ask the right questions. Download PDF Email the Guide Send to yourself or a loved one. Sign Up This Doctor Discussion Guide has been sent to {{form.email}}. There was an error. Please try again. You are encouraged to be proactive and contact your doctor for an evaluation. Most of the time hyperkalemia is found incidentally on blood work. In that case, your doctor is likely to repeat your labs and follow-up with any necessary testing. Causes and Risk Factors of Hyperkalemia Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Sign Up You're in! Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. There was an error. Please try again. What are your concerns? Other Inaccurate Hard to Understand Submit Article Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Merck Manual Professional Version. Hyperkalemia Viera AJ, Wouk N. Potassium Disorders: Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia. Am Fam Physician. 2015;92(6):487-95. U.S. National Library of Medicine. MedlinePlus. Potassium Blood Test American Heart Association. What Is Hyperkalemia (High Potassium)? UpToDate. Clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia in adults Additional Reading Karmacharya P, Poudel DR, Pathak R, Rettew A, Alweis R. Acute Hyperkalemia Leading to Flaccid Paralysis: A Review of Hyperkalemic Manifestations. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2015; 5(3): 10.3402/jchimp.v5.27993. Lewis JL. Hyperkalemia. Merck Manual: Professional Version. Updated April 2016. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/electrolyte-disorders/hyperkalemia. Mount DB. Clinical Manifestations of Hyperkalemia in Adults. In: Forman JP (ed), UpToDate(Internet), Waltham, MA. Updated February 2018. Parham WA, Mehdirad AA, Biermann KM, Fredman CS. Hyperkalemia Revisited. Tex Heart Inst J. 2006; 33(1): 40–47. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1413606/.