Type 2 Diabetes Nutrition & Weight Loss How Fiber Helps Manage Diabetes From blood sugar control to weight loss and more By Elizabeth Woolley Elizabeth Woolley Elizabeth Woolley is a patient advocate and writer who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Learn about our editorial process Updated on August 06, 2021 Medically reviewed Verywell Health articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and healthcare professionals. These medical reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Content is reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates. Learn more. by Danielle Weiss, MD Medically reviewed by Danielle Weiss, MD LinkedIn Dr. Danielle Weiss is the founder of the Center for Hormonal Health and Well-Being, a personalized, proactive, patient-centered medical practice with a unique focus on integrative endocrinology. She enjoys giving lectures and writing articles for both the lay public and medical audiences. Learn about our Medical Expert Board Print Foods containing fiber can provide a range of health benefits that can help manage type 2 diabetes. This important nutrient, found mainly in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, plays a role in regulating blood sugar levels and can help prevent possible complications from diabetes, such as heart disease. Benefits of Fiber for Managing Diabetes Incorporating fiber-rich foods into a diet can help manage diabetes and decrease symptoms. For those with diabetes, an adequate amount of fiber may: Steady Blood Sugar Research has consistently shown that, for people with type 2 diabetes, eating more fiber can help improve blood glucose control. The human body is unable to absorb and break down fiber. Because of this, fiber does not cause a spike in blood glucose the way other carbohydrates can. Boost Weight Loss Since fiber cannot be digested and moves slowly through the stomach, fiber-rich foods stay in the stomach longer and cause longer periods of fullness. Many foods high in fiber tend to also be low in calories. Since eating low-calorie fiber sources may cause you to eat less, it can help create a caloric deficit that leads to weight loss. While weight gain is a known risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes, research shows that weight loss in those with type 2 diabetes can help control their blood sugar levelsand, in some cases, can actually reverse their diabetes. Prevent Heart Disease People with diabetes have a high risk of developing heart disease. The increased blood glucose levels that occur from diabetes can damage the blood vessels and the nerves that control the heart and blood vessels. This damage can narrow blood vessels feeding the heart over time, leading to heart disease. Research suggests that adequate soluble fiber intake can reduce the risk of heart disease by decreasing LDL cholesterol. Soluble fiber does this by binding to cholesterol particles in the small intestine, preventing these particles from entering the bloodstream. Types of Fiber There are two types of fiber—soluble and insoluble. Each support different functions in the body. Understanding the differences between these two types can help maximize the benefits of fiber. Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin Soluble Fiber Soluble fiber dissolves in water and forms a gel-like substance in the stomach, which slows down digestion. It has been shown to not only lower blood cholesterol but also reduce the risk of stroke, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, and some cancers. Soluble fiber also contributes to colon health by feeding good bacteria in the gut and preventing constipation and loose stools. Good Sources of Soluble Fiber Food Serving Size Amount of Fiber Purple passion fruit 1/2 cup 6.5 grams Black beans (cooked) 3/4 cup 5.4 grams Lima beans 3/4 cup 5.3 grams Artichoke (cooked) 1 medium 4.7 grams Apple (with skin) 1 medium 4.2 grams Green peas (cooked) 1/2 cup 3.2 grams Potato (with skin) 1 medium 2.4 grams Oatmeal (cooked) 1 cup 2.4 grams Banana 1 medium 2.1 grams Broccoli (raw) 1/2 cup 1.3 grams Sunflower seeds 1/4 cup 1.1 grams Walnuts 1 ounce 0.6 grams Insoluble Fiber Often referred to as "roughage," insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water and typically remains intact as it passes throughout the gastrointestinal tract. It speeds the movement of food through the digestive system, functioning much like a scouring pad by "scrubbing" the intestines along the way. Insoluble fiber also adds bulk to stools and increases the regularity of bowel movements, helping to prevent constipation. Good Sources of Insoluble Fiber Food Serving Size Amount of Fiber Kale (cooked) 1 cup 5.1 grams Lentils (cooked) 1/2 cup 3.8 grams Almonds (raw) 1 ounce 3.5 grams Pear 1 medium 3.2 grams Garbanzo beans (cooked) 1/2 cup 2.8 grams Strawberries 1 cup 2.6 grams Quinoa (cooked) 1/2 cup 2.5 grams Walnuts 1 ounce 2.5 grams Potato (with school) 1 medium 2.4 grams Raspberries 1/2 cup 2.3 grams Oatmeal (cooked) 1 cup 1.6 grams Orange 1 medium 1.3 grams How Much Fiber Do You Need? The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, jointly published by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture and of Health and Human Services, note that more than 90% of women and 97% of men do not meet recommended intakes for dietary fiber. This is because most people don't get enough fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. The recommended daily intake varies by sex and age: Women Ages 19 to 30: 28 gramsAges 31-50: 25 gramsAges 51+: 22 grams Men Ages 19 to 30: 34 gramsAges 31-50: 31 gramsAges 51+: 28 grams Ways to Get More Fiber Increasing the amount of fiber in your diet can allow you to reap great benefits, but know that a sudden increase in fiber consumption can lead to uncomfortable digestive symptoms such as bloating, gas, constipation, diarrhea, or cramps. Take it slow—increase the fiber in your diet gradually, adding a bit more every few days. Spread your fiber intake throughout the day rather than cramming a lot of fiber into single meals or snacks, and drink plenty of water. Some simple ways to start: Aim to eat three to five servings of non-starchy vegetables each day (a serving is 1/2 cup cooked or 1 cup raw). Consume two servings of high-fiber fruits such as berries, apples, or pears daily. Include plenty of whole grains, such as whole-grain bread, oatmeal, and ancient grains (quinoa, bulgar, barley, farro, millet, freekeh). Snack on unsalted nuts (one serving is 1/4 cup, or about one handful). Sprinkle ground flax, hemp, or chia seeds into your yogurt. Toss legumes, such as chickpeas, into your salad for a protein and fiber boost. Make dessert recipes with an added emphasis on fiber. Try low-fat and unbuttered popcorn as a snack. Food Label Know-How When reading labels, note that any food containing 5 grams of fiber is considered an "excellent" source, according to the American Diabetes Association. Foods with 2.5 grams to 4.9 grams are "good" sources. In time, you'll become familiar with the amount of fiber in your favorite foods. Getting more of these will become second nature. A Word From Verywell If you have diabetes, a diet that includes an adequate amount of fiber can help you manage your symptoms and reduce your risk of complications. It may be difficult at first to incorporate more fiber into your diet, but with the right recipes and knowledge of fiber-rich foods, you can be sure to get enough of this important nutrient. Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! We know healthy eating is key to help manage diabetes, but that doesn't make it easy. Our free nutrition guide is here to help. Sign up and receive your free copy! Sign Up You're in! Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. There was an error. Please try again. What are your concerns? Other Inaccurate Hard to Understand Submit 11 Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Weickert MO, Pfeiffer AFH. Impact of dietary fiber consumption on insulin resistance and the prevention of type 2 diabetes. J Nutr. 2018;148(1):7-12. doi:10.1093/jn/nxx008 Wilding JP. The importance of weight management in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Clin Pract. 2014;68(6):682-691. doi:10.1111/ijcp.12384 Taylor R, Al-Mrabeh A, Zhyzhneuskaya S, et al. Remission of human type 2 diabetes requires decrease in liver and pancreas fat content but Is dependent upon capacity for β cell recovery. Cell Metab. 2018;28(4):667. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.010 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Diabetes, heart disease, & stroke. Reviewed April 2021. Soliman GA. Dietary fiber, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Nutrients. 2019;11(5):1155. doi: 10.3390/nu11051155 Cleveland Clinic. Heart healthy eating to help lower cholesterol levels. Reviewed February 2018. Evans CEL. Dietary fibre and cardiovascular health: a review of current evidence and policy. Proc Nutr Soc. 2020;79(1):61-67. doi:10.1017/S0029665119000673 Cleveland Clinic. What’s the difference between soluble and insoluble fiber? February 1, 2021. U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025, 9th Edition. December 2020. El-Salhy M, Ystad SO, Mazzawi T, Gundersen D. Dietary fiber in irritable bowel syndrome (review). Int J Mol Med. 2017;40(3):607-613. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2017.3072 American Diabetes Association. Get to Know Carbs. By clicking “Accept All Cookies”, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Cookies Settings Accept All Cookies