Common Headache Triggers You Can Avoid

There are lots of headache triggers, and some are easier to avoid than others. Here is a look at 10 common headache triggers

Holiday Headaches

There are many factors that can cause headaches around the holidays. Certainly, the stress of seeing family, hosting, and all the delicious foods and drinks that go along with holiday celebrations can trigger a headache. But, there is also something called the "let-down hypothesis" that occurs during vacation or periods of relaxation — this means that headaches, particularly migraines, are more likely to occur once there is a decline in stress. The mechanism as to why is unclear but may be due to a decline in the level of the stress hormone cortisol. It could also be that the endorphins and hormones elevated during a stressful period decline and the change causes a headache.

Fasting Headaches

A fasting headache causes a generalized mild to moderate pain at the front of the head. Oftenm the culprit is a decrease in glucose or caffeine. It resolves within 72 hours of consuming food again. People who suffer from headaches are more likely to develop a headache during fasting than individuals who do not typically suffer from headaches.

Environment Changes That Induce Headaches

Bright lights, certain smells and weather changes — especially storms — may be headache-triggering for some people.

Poor Sleep Hygiene and Headaches

Sleep problems like sleep deprivation, oversleeping, or a change in your sleep pattern are triggers for acute migraines and tension-type headaches.

The Link Between Stress and Headaches

Stress can trigger a new headache disorder, worsen an existing headache disorder, or transform episodic into chronic headaches. Changes in cortisol and other hormones may be what triggers them, much like with holiday headaches. Likely, stress interacts with various pain processes in both the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

Smoking and Cluster Headaches

Smoking may be the biggest trigger associated with cluster headaches. One study in Cephalalgia of 374 sufferers of cluster headaches (CH) found that approximately 79% of episodic CH patients smoked. An even larger percentage (88 percent) of chronic CH patients smoked. Keep in mind that while smoking is clearly associated with cluster headaches, it is not clear if it is an actual trigger or if people with cluster headaches are just more likely to smoke.

Menstruation and Migraines

Menstrual-related migraines tend to be longer and more severe when compared to migraine attacks that occur at other times in a women's cycle. The trigger is believed to be a drop in estrogen during this time, as well as the time of ovulation. There are certain protocols that can be helpful during this time, like a short course of preventive therapy or certain medications.

MSG Headaches

The mechanism through which monosodium glutamate (MSG) causes a headache is likely through a combination of increased blood pressure and dilation of blood vessels in the brain. MSG is commonly used to prepare certain ethnic foods and may also be found in canned or processed foods, especially soups, sauces, broths, and dressings.

Common Foods as Headache Triggers

 Foods other than MSG that are particularly migraine-triggering include:

• Processed meats and fish
• Aged cheeses
• Caffeine

A Number of Headaches Associated with Alcohol

While alcohol is a common precipitant of migraines and cluster headaches, it can also induce its own headache, known as an alcohol-induced headache. A classic alcohol-induced headache — of which there are two types, a cocktail headache, and a hangover headache — is similar to a tension-type headache in that it is often located on both sides of the head, but has a pulsating quality like that of a migraine.

A Word From Verywell

Managing headache triggers is hard work. Remember, you cannot avoid all triggers — instead, coping with them is a more reasonable goal.