Holistic Health Aromatherapy & Essential Oils The Health Benefits of Borage Oil The Essential Fatty Acid That May Ease Inflammation By Cathy Wong facebook twitter Cathy Wong is a nutritionist and wellness expert. Her work is regularly featured in media such as First For Women, Woman's World, and Natural Health. Learn about our editorial process Cathy Wong Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Emily Dashiell, ND on July 29, 2020 facebook linkedin Emily Dashiell, ND, is a licensed naturopathic doctor who has worked in group and private practice settings over the last 15 years. She is in private practice in Santa Monica, California. Learn about our Medical Review Board Emily Dashiell, ND on July 29, 2020 Print Borage oil is pressed from the seeds of the Borago officinalis plant, which is found throughout the United States and Europe. Also referred to as "borage seed oil," borage oil is rich in gamma-linoleic acid, a type of essential fatty acid. When borage oil is consumed, much of the gamma-linoleic acid in borage oil is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid. Like the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil and flaxseed, gamma-linoleic acid and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid may help reduce inflammation. However, both substances are classified as omega-6 fatty acids. Steve Gorton / Dorling Kindersley / Getty Images Health Benefits In herbal medicine, borage oil is typically used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, cough, depression, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), atopic dermatitis and menopausal symptoms. It is often used for hair and skin conditions such as hair loss, eczema, and acne. To date, few studies have explored the health benefits of borage oil. Here's a look at the research related to borage oil's effectiveness for health conditions: Rheumatoid Arthritis Borage oil shows promise in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disorder marked by inflammation in the lining of the joints. Although most of the data on borage oil's effectiveness come from test-tube and animal research, several small studies indicate that borage oil may ease tenderness and swelling in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Eczema In a 2013 study on use of borage oil with eczema, researchers found no significant difference between those who took borage oil supplements and those who took a placebo capsule for the same amount of time. Growth in Premature Infants There is some evidence that infant formula supplemented with borage oil might help the growth and development of premature infants, especially boys. A study published in the Journal of Pediatrics showed that preterm infants given formula that included borage oil and fish oils showed greater improvement than those given standard formula. Lung Function in ARDS Patients Borage oil might reduce the number of days that patients with (or at risk for) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) might spend in intensive care. A study conducted on 146 patients in teaching hospitals across the US found that those who were tube fed an EPA+GLA diet showed greater improvements and shorter ICU stays than patients fed a standard diet. Possible Side Effects The borage plant (including the leaves, flowers, and seeds) can contain potentially harmful chemicals called pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which in humans can damage the liver or be carcinogenic, particularly when used regularly or in high doses. Although some products claim to be free of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, keep in mind that supplements are not regulated in most countries. Borage oil may cause constipation in some individuals. It may prolong bleeding time and increase the risk of bleeding, particularly in people with bleeding disorders and those taking medications that slow blood clotting (such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and warfarin). Pregnant and nursing women should avoid borage seed oil. One review suggests that it should be contraindicated during pregnancy given the labor-inducing and teratogenic effects of prostaglandin E agonists. Dosage and Preparation While there is no standard dose of borage oil, different doses have been studied in research. Borage seed oil has been given 1 to 3 grams per day in clinical trials. What to Look For Borage oil supplements are widely sold online and in health food stores. You'll also see borage oil included in skin creams and other beauty products. It's important to remember that these supplements and products are not regulated the same way that medications are regulated. Due to the lack of science behind borage oil's effectiveness or safety, it's important to take caution when using borage oil supplements. If you're considering the use of borage oil in the treatment of any health condition, make sure to consult your physician before starting your supplement regimen. Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Sign Up You're in! Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. There was an error. Please try again. What are your concerns? Other Inaccurate Hard to Understand Submit Article Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Asadi-Samani, Majid. The chemical composition, botanical characteristic and biological activities of Borago officinalis: a review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2014;7(1):S22-S28. doi:10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60199-1 Jung JY, Kwon HH, Hong JS, et al. Effect of dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid and gamma-linolenic acid on acne vulgaris: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Acta Derm Venereol. 2014;94(5):521-5. doi:10.2340/00015555-1802 Cameron M, Gagnier JJ, Chrubasik S. Herbal therapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(2):CD002948. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002948.pub2 Bamford JT, Ray S, Musekiwa A, Van gool C, Humphreys R, Ernst E. Oral evening primrose oil and borage oil for eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(4):CD004416. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004416.pub2 Tewari D, Bawari S, Patni P, Sah AN. Borage (Borago officinalis L.). Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional Supplements. 2019:165-170. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812491-8.00023-0 Pappas A, Liakou A, Zouboulis CC. Nutrition and skin. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2016;17(3):443-448. doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9374-z Additional Reading Foster RH, Hardy G, Alany RG. Borage oil in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Nutrition. 2010;26(7-8):708-18. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2009.10.014 Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;19(1). doi:10.3390/ijms19010070