10 Facts About Autism in Adults

Most articles and images focus on young children when it comes to autism, making it easy to overlook autism in adults. While it's true that symptoms of autism appear first in early childhood, autism doesn't affect children only. Those with the condition, like everyone else, are adults for much longer than they are kids and face lifelong challenges.

So why is relatively little written about autism and adulthood? While there's no absolute answer, here are some educated guesses:

• Autism manifests before age 3, so most new diagnoses of autism are in children.
• Most people who actively read about autism are worried-but-hopeful parents or guardians of children who are or may be autistic.
• By the time autistic children are adults, many parents or guardians feel they're as expert as anyone who might be writing about it.
• Because of the changes in how autism is defined, many adults now considered autistic never received an autism diagnosis.
• High-functioning adults with autism are often uninterested in reading about non-autistic perspectives on autism.
• Some adults with autism have intellectual disabilities that make it extremely difficult to read about autism.

As kids age into adulthood, they may need more help rather than less in navigating the incredibly complex, chaotic, and demanding world of the 21st century. The following 10 facts can help you understand what it means to be an adult with autism.

Child With Autism = Adult With Autism

Despite stories you may have read on the Internet, it is incredibly rare for a child accurately diagnosed with autism to become an adult who is no longer diagnosable.

Yes, children with autism may build skills and workarounds that make autism less obvious. Yes, teens with autism may learn social skills and be able to "pass" in some situations. But no, a child with autism won't just get over their autism to become a neurotypical adult.

Variability in Adults With Autism

Not all adults with autism are alike.

• Some adults with autism have successful careers in demanding fields such as information technology, robotics, and video game production.
• Some work part-time while also taking advantage of day programs and resources.
• Some are unable to function in the workplace and spend their days in sheltered settings.
• Some adults on the spectrum are happily married or partnered.
• Others have romantic friendships.
• Some are unable to form meaningful, reciprocal relationships with peers.

These vast differences make it just as tough to define or provide services for adults with autism as for children on the spectrum.

Success in Autistic Adults

Some adults with diagnosed autism are moderately to highly successful people. Some are happily married and partnered, and many are fully employed.

Some have even become role models for young adults on the spectrum who hope to live full, independent lives. Just a few such role models include:

• Temple Grandin, animal husbandry expert, author, and public speaker
• Stephen Shore, author, musician, professor, public speaker
• John Elder Robison, author, and public speaker
• Dan Ackroyd, actor, singer, radio personality
• Daryl Hannah, actor

These individuals, in addition to some others, are active autism advocates. Many speak publicly about their experiences and offer resources and insights to autistic adults and their family members.

Severe Challenges

While some high-functioning autistic adults are successful, quite a few are severely challenged. Surprisingly, "severe" autism is not always the biggest obstacle to employment or even personal happiness.

Higher-functioning individuals are sometimes at a greater disadvantage because they may "pass" for neurotypical while trying to cope with severe anxiety, sensory dysfunction, and social/communication deficits.

Between 25% and 30% of autistic adults are non-verbal or minimally verbal beginning in childhood, meaning they are unable to use spoken language or have significant impairments with it.

According to recent research, people with autism tend to be more aggressive toward others, especially their caretakers. Naturally, non-verbal, aggressive adults with autism are unable to successfully manage typical living situations or jobs.

Great Strengths and Abilities

In general, people with autism are honest and dependable; most are focused on their work and are rarely distracted by social activities or outside interests.

Quite a few have exceptional talents in areas such as computer coding, mathematics, music, drafting, organizing, and visual arts. While it can be tough for autistic adults to set up and manage their own space and schedules, many are outstanding bosses and employees.

Hurdles to Independence

All 2-year-olds throw tantrums. All teens have "issues." As a result, autistic kids and teens often get a bit of a break: after all, they're just kids.

But once you're an adult, you're expected to put away your emotional challenges, tuck in your shirt, and act like a grown-up.

Grown-ups in modern-day America are expected to independently manage time and money, run a home, find and hold a job, manage social interactions at work and in the community, find friends and romance, save for a rainy day, cook an omelet, and raise kids.

Then there's the problem of handling the constant onslaught of sound, information, interaction, and visual stimulation that's part and parcel of being alive today.

People with autism find many of these expectations impossible to fulfill. Autism entails deficits in speech and nonverbal communication, executive functioning, and social interaction. It also entails hyper- or hyposensitivity to sound, light, smells, tastes, and touch.

It may make it harder to find and keep friends or romantic partners. It may make it almost impossible to land and keep a job that requires a high level of social or planning skills.

It may also mean that living independently while managing all the demands of daily life is simply too challenging.

Very few adults with autism are partnered, live independently, and work full-time in fulfilling jobs, comparing poorly to adults with other disabilities. Additionally, those who do attain these measures of success may do so more than a decade after their peers in the general population.

Turning 22 With Autism

The relative lack of information for and about adults on the spectrum means that many parents or guardians suddenly find themselves scrambling when their child—now a young adult—reaches the magical age of 22.

That's because, on their 22nd birthday, people with autism suddenly lose their entitlement to services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and enter the much chancier world of adult services.

While the IDEA requires schools to offer "free and appropriate education" to all children, there is no such requirement for adults. As a result, funding and programming for adults may or may not be available at any given time.

Varied Availability of Services

Adults with autism are often legally entitled to nothing, but are likely to receive at least some level of support. If you live in some states, you'll have little trouble accessing services and funding for adults with autism. But if you live in other states, you may find that there is limited support.

Some states that offer the least generous programs and services include:

• New Mexico
• West Virginia
• Montana
• Hawaii

Among the more generous states are:

• California
• Massachusetts
• Colorado
• Wisconsin

Of course, the definition of "services and funding" varies depending upon need. For example, Medicaid doesn't provide vocational training or support—services that would be particularly useful to higher functioning adults.

Medicaid may or may not be a source of funding for housing, day programs, and other services.

One excellent, updated source of information about state-by-state offerings is Easterseals. While they do focus quite a bit on children, they also include a wide range of detailed information about resources and services for all ages.

Limited Housing Options

Americans assume that grown children will leave their parents' or guardians' home and live in their own apartment or house.

Of course, as the economy and other factors have changed, many more typically developing young adults are moving in with who raised them. Not surprisingly, a very large number of autistic adults also live with their parents or guardians.

Reasons for this include:

• Residential funding for disabled adults is hard to come by. It's especially scarce for autistic adults who don't have an intellectual disability. If your IQ is over 70 or 75, you're assumed to be independent (unless you have a severe physical illness or disability, like blindness).
• Group homes are hard to get into and may be of poor quality. Like many adult programs, group homes depend upon state and federal funding. In addition, staff and residents change constantly.
• Even bright, capable adults with autism can have problems dealing with unexpected challenges. It's tough for autistic adults to plan ahead (such as buying soap before needing it), manage emergencies (e.g., a power outage), and think through problems (like fixing a clogged drain). It's often cheaper, smarter, and easier to stay with parents or guardians.

Summary

It's common for information about autism to center around children, but the majority of the time one deals with the condition is in adulthood. While many autistic adults live comfortable and productive lives, they can still have difficulty in situations requiring social interaction or where there is exposure to certain sounds, lights, and smells.

Thankfully, employers are required by law to make reasonable accommodations for adults with autism, and many states offer some sort of funding and services to aid them.

However, there is still limited support for adults with autism in instances such as living independently and receiving free and appropriate education after the age of 22.

A Word From Verywell

Whether high functioning or severely autistic, adults with autism have to work harder than their typical peers to enjoy a fulfilling life. To succeed, they—like everyone else—need friendship, support, and opportunities to work and play in an accepting social setting.

As funding ebbs and flows, they can't always rely on tax-funded programs. That means the needs of adults with autism must be met by their families and people in their communities who wish them well, believe in their strengths, ​and will take action to improve their quality of life.