6 Types of Spermicide and How to Use Them

Spermicide is a form of birth control that is sold over the counter as suppositories, foam, cream, and other forms. The active ingredient in spermicide is nonoxynol-9, which kills sperm and blocks the entrance to the cervix so sperm can't reach an egg.

Spermicide is placed deep into the vagina just before intercourse. When used alone, it prevents pregnancy only around 72% of the time. It is commonly used along with a diaphragm, condom, or cervical cap.

Spermicide does not prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Some women experience uncomfortable side effects from spermicide, including vaginal inflammation and irritation.

This article discusses six types of spermicides and how to use them to prevent pregnancy.

Spermicidal Foam

Contraceptive foam comes in an aerosol can with an applicator. The product looks similar to mousse hairstyling products.

To use, shake the can for at least 30 seconds. Press the tip of the applicator on the nozzle and press down. This fills the applicator with foam.

Lie down and insert the applicator a few inches into the vagina. Push the plunger to release the foam. The foam is active immediately. This means you should insert it no more than 60 minutes before sex.

Wash the applicator with soap and water. Store it in a clean, dry place so it can be used again.

Contraceptive Film

Vaginal contraceptive film (VCF) is a 2-by-2-inch sheet of thin film. It looks similar to wax paper.

Before insertion, assure hands are dry. To insert it, fold it in half, then in half again. Place it on the tip of your index finger. Push it into the vagina on or near the cervix.

The spermicidal film will absorb vaginal secretions and melt into a thick gel. In this way, it acts as a barrier to stop sperm. VCF must be inserted at least 15 minutes before sex. This gives it time to dissolve completely, so it will be effective.

A new piece of VCF should be used each time you have sex. A single application is good for up to only one hour.

Contraceptive Inserts, Tablets, or Suppositories

These are solid forms of concentrated spermicide that melt into foam. Inserts or suppositories are about 1/2 inch long and less than 1/4 inch wide.

The suppository needs to be inserted in the vagina as close to the cervix as possible. Wait 10 to 15 minutes to allow it to dissolve into a foamy substance.

A new insert should be used each time you have sex. Foaming contraceptive tablets work the same way as inserts. Some people report a warm sensation in the vagina as these spermicidal tablets melt into foam.

Spermicidal Jelly

Contraceptive jelly is another form of concentrated spermicide. Jellies come in tubes. They are usually used with a diaphragm or cervical cap.

To use, squeeze the spermicidal jelly into the applicator. Insert it into your vagina. Insert a second dose if sex lasts longer than an hour or if you have sex again.

When used with a diaphragm, protection lasts up to six hours. Unlike spermicidal foams, films, and inserts, jelly can also provide lubrication.

Spermicidal Creams and Gels

Creams and gels are used the same way as spermicidal jelly. Like jelly, they also provide lubrication.

Contraceptive creams and gels come in different textures. They tend to be less likely to drip or leak than other forms of spermicide.

To use, twist the applicator onto the end of the tube. Fill with the cream or gel. Twist off the applicator and insert it into the vagina close to the cervix. Press the plunger to release.

Gels and creams work best when used right before sex. Most should not be inserted more than 15 minutes before sex.

Advantage 24 is an exception. This gel steadily releases nonoxynol-9. One dose provides 24-hour protection.

Contraceptive Sponge

The contraceptive sponge is a soft, round device about 2 inches in diameter. It is made of solid polyurethane foam and contains spermicide. The contraceptive sponge has a nylon loop attached to the bottom for removal. Moisten the sponge with water and insert it into the vagina before sex.

The sponge works to prevent pregnancy by blocking the cervix and killing sperm.

Summary

Spermicide is over-the-counter birth control, which is about 72% effective at preventing pregnancy. It should be combined with other forms of birth control.

Spermicide comes in a number of different forms, from foams and jellies to films, suppositories, and sponges.

Different types of spermicide have different instructions for usage. Some last longer than others or need to be inserted at different times before sex. Be sure to read the instructions before using.