Sleep Disorders Alpha Waves and Your Sleep By Brandon Peters, MD facebook twitter Brandon Peters, MD, is a board-certified neurologist and sleep medicine specialist. Learn about our editorial process Brandon Peters, MD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on July 23, 2020 Sanja Jelic, MD is board-certified in pulmonary disease, sleep medicine, critical care medicine, and internal medicine. She is an assistant professor and attending physician at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, NY. Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD on July 23, 2020 Print Table of Contents View All Table of Contents Non-Sleep Alpha Activity Good and Bad Alpha Waves Measuring Alpha Activity Disrupted Alpha Activity Other Brain Waves Alpha waves are a type of brain wave that's active while you're resting, especially when your eyes are closed. They're most common right before you drift off to sleep. When alpha waves are measured, such as by a sleep doctor, the measurement is generally taken from the occipital region of the brain, which is in the back of your head. They're recognized by their rhythm, which is between eight and 13 cycles per second, or hertz (Hz). PeopleImages / Getty Images Non-Sleep-Related Alpha Activity Alpha wave activity isn't always related to sleep. It just means your brain is in a relaxed state, but you're still awake. In addition to just before sleep, alpha waves can be present when you're: DaydreamingPracticing mindfulnessMeditatingDuring aerobic exercise Good and Bad Alpha Activity Increasing alpha activity is a good thing. It offers several benefits, according to research. It's been found to: Boost your creativityReduce symptoms of depressionHelp you ignore chronic pain Sometimes alpha waves show up when they're not wanted. Your brain shouldn't produce alpha waves when you're asleep, and when it does, the inappropriate alpha activity can lead to sleep disorders. How Alpha Activity is Measured The most common test for measuring brain waves, including alpha waves and alpha activity, is an electroencephalogram (EEG). An EEG is what's used during an overnight sleep study, such as those done to diagnose sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea. Overnight Sleep Study: What to Expect To perform this test, a doctor or technician places small metal electrodes on your scalp and attaches them to a machine that can measure the brain patterns transmitted by the electrodes. After the test is over, the patterns are read by a neurologist, who can use the information to diagnose various conditions, including sleep disorders and the risk of seizures. When Alpha Activity Is Disrupted When your alpha activity is disrupted, it can make you unable to relax and reduce the quality of your sleep. That can leave you tired and low on energy the next day. If the disruption is chronic, the fatigue can be, as well. One example of chronic alpha activity disruption is something called the alpha-EEG anomaly, which is an abnormal sleep pattern that occurs most often in people with the chronic pain condition fibromyalgia. During deep sleep, the brain should be producing delta waves. In people who experience the alpha-EEG anomaly, the brain mistakenly produces alpha waves during periods when it should be only be putting out delta waves. This can lead to restlessness and sleep that is not refreshing. Unrefreshing Sleep in Fibromyalgia Other Types of Brain Waves Brain waves are behind everything you think, feel, perceive, and do. They're generated by the synchronized electrical pulses that masses of brain cells use to communicate with each other. Your brain waves change throughout the day, depending on what you're doing. Slower waves are associated with the relaxed brain, while faster waves mean your brain is performing complex tasks. Just as alpha waves do, every type of brain wave has its time and place. Other types of brainwaves include: Delta Waves: At .5 to 3 Hz, delta waves are the slowest of the brain waves. They occur when you're in the deepest states of sleep. Theta Waves: At 3 to 8 Hz, theta waves also occur during sleep. In addition, they've been observed in very deep states of meditation.Beta Waves: These are the most common daytime brain waves, with a rhythm of 12 to 30 Hz. Beta waves are dominant in normal wakeful states, such as when you're focused on cognitive tasks, problem-solving, decision making, or similar activities.Gamma Waves: With a rhythm of 25 to 100 Hz, gamma waves are the fastest of the brain waves. They process information from various areas of your brain and are responsible for your conscious perception. Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! Tossing and turning night over night can have a big impact on your quality of life. Our free guide can help you get the rest you need. Sign up for our newsletter and get it free. Sign Up You're in! Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. There was an error. Please try again. What are your concerns? Other Inaccurate Hard to Understand Submit Article Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Psychology Today 2015. Alpha Brain Waves Boost Creativity and Reduce Depression. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-athletes-way/201504/alpha-brain-waves-boost-creativity-and-reduce-depression Sacchet MD, Laplante RA, Wan Q, et al. Attention Drives Synchronization of Alpha and Beta Rhythms between Right Inferior Frontal and Primary Sensory Neocortex. J Neurosci. 2015 Feb 4;35(5):2074-82. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1292-14.2015