Common Vagal Response Linked to Fainting After COVID-19 Vaccination

During the first week of the COVID-19 vaccination distribution, a front-line worker was recorded fainting (syncope) on camera after receiving the vaccine. It was later reported as a common type of fainting called vasovagal syncope.

Vasovagal syncope, also called reflex syncope, is when you faint, or temporarily lose consciousness, because your body overreacts to certain triggers.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a vasovagal syncope episode is usually triggered by pain and anxiety and not by the vaccine itself, causing a sudden drop in heart rate and blood pressure. 

The nurse, Tiffany Dover, explained to WRBC Channel 3 News out of Chattanooga, Tennessee (where she's based) that she has a history of an over-reactive vagal response, causing her to pass out when she experiences any sort of pain, even a hangnail or a stubbed toe. She said she had passed out several times over a period of six weeks and that it was common for her. 

This article will explore vasovagal syncope during vaccinations, things you can do to try to prevent it, and what to do if you experience it.

Vasovagal Syncope and Vaccinations

Fainting has historically been associated with vaccination. The CDC states that there have been reports of fainting with nearly every type of vaccine.

According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), fainting after being vaccinated is most common in adolescents, with one VAERS study finding 62% of episodes occurred in children ages 11 to 18. 

Healthcare professionals who routinely give out vaccinations can take preventative measures to decrease the chances of patients fainting by following a few precautions, including:

• Giving patients a beverage, snack, or reassurance about the procedure
• Having the person sit or lie down to prevent falls and injuries
• Having the person breathe slowly and deeply before the procedure and encourage thinking of something relaxing
• Utilizing distraction methods like asking the person questions or having a friendly conversation while doing the procedure
• Observing the person for 15 minutes after the vaccination is given

What Is Vasovagal Syncope?

Vasovagal syncope is the most frequent cause of fainting. According to John Hopkins Medicine, it affects one-third of the population and can occur at any age.

Vaso refers to blood vessels and vagal refers to the vagus nerve, an important nerve that runs from the brain to the abdomen.  

Vasovagal syncope is the result of blood vessels dilating (widening) causing a drop in blood pressure and a decrease of blood flow to the brain.

Having a vasovagal syncope episode is not generally considered harmful or a cause for concern, reports Cedars-Sinai, a non-profit academic healthcare network serving the greater Los Angeles area, but the real danger is if an episode occurs while the person is driving or they fall and hit their head. 

In addition to pain and anxiety, other triggers of vasovagal syncope can include: 

• Dehydration
• Seeing blood 
• Getting an injection or having blood drawn 
• Standing up quickly 
• Standing upright for a long time
• Sudden and unexpected trauma, stress or pain, such as being hit
• Blood donation
• Standing for long periods
• Excess heat
• Intense emotion, such as fear
• Skipping meals
• Prolonged exercise

Some people with a history of fainting experience pre-syncope symptoms which can serve as a warning sign that fainting is about to happen. Typically, laying down helps direct blood flow back to the brain and can aid in preventing a fainting episode. 

Pre-syncope symptoms may include:

• Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
• Nausea
• Warmth
• Turning pale
• Getting sweaty palms
  
• Blurred vision
  

What To Do if You Experience Vasovagal Syncope

The key to treating someone having a syncope episode is laying the person down and elevating their feet to restore blood flow back to the brain, which should promote return to consciousness fairly quickly.

Rest and hydration is also recommended after an episode.

To prevent a syncope episode, your doctor may recommend some of the following:

• Avoiding triggers, such as standing for a long time or the sight of blood
• Moderate exercise training
• Adjusting medications
• Eating a higher salt diet, to help keep up blood volume
• Drinking plenty of fluids, to maintain blood volume
• Wearing compression stockings or abdominal binders
  

When To See a Medical Professional

The CDC reports that 3% of men and 3.5% of women experience fainting at least once in their lifetime.

However, experts suggest that you should seek medical attention right away if you experience recurrent episodes of passing out or other related problems. 

The information in this article is current as of the date listed, which means newer information may be available when you read this. For the most recent updates on COVID-19, visit our coronavirus news page.