Heart Health High Cholesterol Causes & Risk Factors What Causes Low HDL Cholesterol Levels? By Jennifer Moll, PharmD facebook Jennifer Moll, MS, PharmD, is a pharmacist actively involved in educating patients about the importance of heart disease prevention. Learn about our editorial process Jennifer Moll, PharmD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Richard N. Fogoros, MD on November 03, 2019 facebook linkedin Richard N. Fogoros, MD, is a retired professor of medicine and board-certified in internal medicine, clinical cardiology, and clinical electrophysiology. Learn about our Medical Review Board Richard N. Fogoros, MD Updated on November 03, 2019 Print Table of Contents View All Optimal HDL Levels Causes of Low HDL While having low triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol can have a positive effect on your heart health, having low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol may count against you. That's because HDL is considered "good cholesterol." HDL plays an interesting role in that it actually removes LDL cholesterol (your "bad" cholesterol) from the walls of your arteries. This may protect your arteries from clogging up and causing conditions like a heart attack or stroke. In fact, studies have shown that low HDL levels are linked to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This is especially true if other lipids, such as LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, in your blood are also high. Likewise, research suggests that to a certain extent, high HDL levels are linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. It's important to understand that there is no direct causal relationship found between HDL levels and having a heart attack or stroke—hinting that other factors are at play, and a person's HDL level is one piece of the puzzle. Verywell / Emily Roberts Optimal HDL Levels Optimal HDL levels vary for women and men. Anything over 40 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) for men is considered optimal, and over 50 mg/dL for women. However, doctors focus less on the actual HDL "number" and more on a person's entire heart health and how their individual HDL level fits into that picture. An example is a person who is overweight and smokes and is found to have a low HDL on a routine blood test. Instead of prescribing a medication to increase the HDL to a "normal" number, a doctor will focus on smoking cessation counseling, exercise, and weight loss. These measures can all effectively raise the HDL In fact, you may be surprised to learn that there is no great scientific evidence out there to support the use of medication to raise a person's HDL level. What Your Cholesterol Test Results Mean Causes of Low HDL There are a number of conditions and lifestyle choices that play a role in lowering HDL levels. While these may not be a factor for you, think about these issues and discuss with your doctor: Excess weight: Having excess weight can cause a number of health conditions, including a decrease in your HDL levels. If you are overweight or obese, losing weight can increase these levels and lower your risk of heart disease.Genetic factors: Sometimes, very low HDL cholesterol levels can be inherited. Medical conditions that severely lower HDL levels include Tangier’s disease and familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia.Poor diet: What you eat can also influence your HDL levels. Limiting saturated fats (for example, butter, cream, whole or 2 percent milk, beef, pork, chicken with skin) and substituting them for monounsaturated fats like fatty fish, olives, and avocados can raise your HDL.Sedentary lifestyle: Adding moderate exercise to your daily routine may help increase your HDL levels slightly. The American Heart Association recommends aerobic exercising 40 minutes daily three to four times weekly—examples include swimming, brisk walking, running, bicycling, and dancing.Smoking: The chemicals found in cigarettes can lower your HDL cholesterol. Quitting smoking can help increase your HDL, as well as prevent other chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease.Uncontrolled diabetes: Having high blood glucose levels may contribute to lowering HDL cholesterol levels. It can also increase triglyceride and LDL levels. Getting your blood sugar under control may help get your HDL levels back within a healthy range. This can be done by modifying your lifestyle or taking medication to treat it. Cholesterol Doctor Discussion Guide Get our printable guide for your next doctor's appointment to help you ask the right questions. Download PDF Email the Guide Send to yourself or a loved one. Sign Up This Doctor Discussion Guide has been sent to {{form.email}}. There was an error. Please try again. A Word From Verywell Your HDL level is important, but your doctor will likely focus less on the precise number and more on what it means. They will interpret your HDL level within the context of your risk factors for heart disease like your family history, weight, activity level, whether you smoke, and whether you have other medical conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes. If your doctor tells you your HDL level is low, try not to be discouraged. Instead, focus your energy on getting healthier, whether that means losing weight if you are overweight or obese, stopping smoking, or getting outside for a jog. If you need help meeting these lifestyle goals, that's OK. Talk with your doctor—it may be a good time to see a nutritionist or even start a weight loss program. Foods to Boost HDL and Lower LDL Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! Looking to start a diet to better manage your cholesterol? Changing lifelong eating habits can be scary at first, but our guide will make it easier. Sign Up You're in! Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. There was an error. Please try again. What are your concerns? Other Inaccurate Hard to Understand Submit Article Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Acharjee S, Boden WE, Hartigan PM, et al. Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased risk of cardiovascular events in stable ischemic heart disease patients: A post-hoc analysis from the COURAGE Trial (Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(20):1826-1833. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.051 Singh K, Rohatgi A. Examining the paradox of high high-density lipoprotein and elevated cardiovascular risk. J Thorac Dis. 2018;10(1):109-112. doi:10.21037/jtd.2017.12.97 Wilkins JT, Ning H, Stone NJ, et al. Coronary Heart Disease Risks Associated with High Levels of HDL Cholesterol. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3(2):e000519. doi:10.1161/JAHA.113.000519 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. HDL Cholesterol. Updated February 26, 2020. Barter PJ. The Causes and Consequences of Low Levels of High Density Lipoproteins in Patients with Diabetes. Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(2):101-106. doi:10.4093/dmj.2011.35.2.101 Weissglas-Volkov D, Pajukanta P. Genetic causes of high and low serum HDL-cholesterol. J Lipid Res. 2010;51(8):2032-2057. doi:10.1194/jlr.R004739 American Heart Association. American Heart Association Recommendations for Physical Activity in Adults and Kids. Updated April 18, 2018.