An Overview of Patulous Eustachian Tube

Patulous eustachian tube (PET) is a condition where the eustachian tube in the ear is open most of the time instead of staying closed like it's supposed to. It's an uncommon condition that affects only about 1 out of every 10,000 people. A patulous eustacian tube is not usually a serious medical problem. However, it can cause symptoms that are hard to deal with, such as hearing loud feedback from your voice and breathing.

The eustachian tubes, also called auditory tubes, run from the inner ear to the back of the throat. The tubes are usually in a closed position to protect your inner ear from bacteria, viruses, and fluid.

To equalize pressure and drain any fluid inside the inner ear, your eustachian tube opens once or twice every hour. It will also open when you swallow, yawn, or sneeze, but only remains open for about one-half second. With PET, the tube is dysfunctional and stays open even when it doesn't need to.

This article explains the symptoms and causes of patulous eustachian tube as well as the non-invasive and invasive methods that physicians use to treat it.

PET Symptoms

If you're experiencing PET, you may have one or more of the following symptoms:

• A feeling that your ear is clogged
• Autophony, or hearing your own voice in your ear
• Tinnitus, a ringing sensation in the ear
  

Autophony is the classic, hallmark symptom of a patulous eustachian tube. It is a condition in which you hear unusually loud feedback of your own voice, breathing, and heartbeat. Autophony is a symptom seen with other disorders involving the ear, such as superior semicircular canal dehiscence, an abnormal opening in the ear canal.

Causes

The causes of PET are what medical professionals call idiopathic, meaning they are of an unknown origin. However, there are several factors that may predispose you to develop chronically open eustachian tubes, including:

• Excessive gum chewing
• Frequent and forced nose-blowing
• High levels of estrogen (such as occurs with pregnancy, birth control pills, or hormone replacement therapy)
• Nasal decongestants
• Neurological disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, or trauma to the facial nerves
• Radiation therapy to the head or neck
• Significant and rapid weight loss
• Temporomandibular joint syndrome (TMJ), or a misaligned bite
  

Non-Invasive Treatments

Before receiving treatment, you may find that sniffing or lowering your head can cause some temporary relief of autophony. Mild symptoms may not require any treatment.

However, if the symptoms are severe enough and have persisted for more than six weeks, then you will want to start treatments focused on resolving patulous eustachian tube.

The most common treatment for a patulous eustachian tube is nasal sprays. Saline is the most common choice in the United States. While many inner ear conditions can benefit from nasal decongestants or steroids, the practice will likely worsen PET symptoms. If this occurs, treatment should be stopped.

If steroids are used, the treatment should be gradually tapered under the supervision of a doctor to prevent a rebound of symptoms and withdrawal side effects. Nasal estrogen creams and other intranasal bulking agents have generated much anecdotal support. But there remains a lack of clinical evidence supporting their use.

Invasive Treatments

When less invasive methods prove insufficient to resolve symptoms of patulous eustachian tube, surgical treatments may be more effective. The most common surgical intervention is the placement of a tympanostomy tube. It holds the ear open, provides ventilation, and allows excess fluids in the ear to drain. This procedure is only about 50% effective and may either help resolve symptoms, make them worse, or do nothing at all.

Unfortunately, there is not enough evidence to predict who may respond positively to the surgical placement of ear tubes. However, ear tube placement is a fairly simple procedure with few side effects. And the synthetic tubes can be removed if they do not provide relief.

Other, more invasive therapies that are being studied include:

• Cauterizing the eustachian tube, which destroys tissue with heat or chemicals
• Injecting the eustachian tube with cartilage-filling agents
• Manipulating the muscles around the eustachian tube
• Placing cartilage inside the eustachian tube
  

Other options include inserting a catheter inside the eustachian tube or conducting musculature manipulation to narrow the eustachian tube. With this procedure, a small tool is used to manipulate the muscles and other soft tissues. While the process does not return normal function to the tube, it does reduce the amount of airflow into the middle ear. And this helps reduce the symptoms of autophony.

Summary

Patulous eustachian tube (PET) occurs when the eustachian tube remains open. You may not know you have it unless you are experiencing some red-flag symptoms. These the feeling that your ear is clogged, hearing your own voice in your ear, or experiencing a ringing sensation, a condition known as tinnitus. Of the three, the hallmark symptom of PET is the second one, also known as autophony.

The cause of PET is unknown, though it's thought that certain habits and conditions may predispose you to it, from using nasal decongestants to dropping a significant amount of weight quickly.

Many physicians turn to noninvasive treatments first. These treatments usually involve proper hydration in some form. The most common invasive treatment involves the placement of a tympanostomy tube in the ear. It holds the ear open, provides ventilation, and allows excess fluids in the ear to drain. However, this procedure is effective only about half the time.

A Word From Verywell

Whether or not they've been diagnosed with PET, some people experiencing the symptoms turn to antihistamines or decongestants for relief. In fact, some doctors may even recommend the medications for eustachian tube dysfunction. However, these medications may provide no relief whatsoever. In some cases, they can even make the symptoms worse. If either of these outcomes occur, contact your doctor immediately.