COPD How Does COPD Affect the Diaphragm? By Deborah Leader, RN Deborah Leader, RN Deborah Leader RN, PHN, is a registered nurse and medical writer who focuses on COPD. Learn about our editorial process Updated on October 05, 2022 Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine. Learn about our Medical Expert Board Print The diaphragm is a large, dome-shaped muscle located directly below the lungs. You use it to breathe. When you take a breath, the diaphragm contracts and flattens, which causes your chest cavity to expand. This creates a vacuum, which pulls air through your nose, down your windpipe, and into your lungs. When you exhale, meanwhile, your diaphragm relaxes and returns to its previous shape. This forces air back out of your lungs. Healthy adults take between 12 to 28 breaths a minute or as many as 40,000 breaths in a day. Your diaphragm does much of the work involved in breathing, but your intercostal muscles—a group of 22 pairs of very small muscles located between your ribs—also play an important role by helping to expand and shrink the chest cavity with every breath. OpenStax / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 4.0 Your Diaphragm and COPD In people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the diaphragm is weakened and doesn't work as well as it should during the breathing process. This seems to be due to changes in the cells of the diaphragm muscle that cause the muscle fibers to lose some of the force needed to contract and relax. These changes start to occur when you're first developing COPD. When your diaphragm isn't working as well as it should, your body uses other muscles in your neck, back, and shoulders to do the work of contracting and expanding your chest. However, these muscles don't compensate fully for your weakened diaphragm, so you have trouble breathing. Research shows that a very weak diaphragm muscle can worsen your COPD, potentially leading to exacerbations. People with COPD—even severe COPD—who have weaker diaphragms don't do as well as people who have stronger diaphragms. Improving Your Diaphragm Strength It's possible to exercise your respiratory muscles, which can help you breathe more easily. The COPD Foundation recommends two breathing techniques to people with COPD: pursed-lips breathing and diaphragmatic (abdominal/belly) breathing. Both can help you feel less short of breath, but diaphragmic breathing can also help to strengthen your respiratory muscles and enable them to take on more of the very necessary work of breathing. The diaphragmic breathing technique is a bit tricky to learn. Therefore, you should get some instruction from a respiratory therapist or physical therapist who understands the technique and can teach it to you. Frequently Asked Questions How does COPD weaken your diaphragm? COPD involves both airflow limitations and lung hyperinflation, which makes the respiratory muscles work harder. This can cause the diaphragm to flatten and reduce its ability to generate tension. Other factors that can weaken the diaphragm in people with COPD include malnutrition, aging, oxidative stress, and other co-occurring health conditions. What are the signs of a weak diaphragm? Difficulty breathing from COPD repeated diaphragm weakness is most pronounced when the person is lying flat, walking, or underwater up to the lower chest. How can you strengthen your diaphragm? Respiratory therapy can help to improve diaphragm strength in people with COPD. The therapist can teach you exercises, such as pursed-lips breathing and diaphragmatic breathing. Why do people with COPD breath with pursed lips? Pursed-lips breathing is used to control shortness of breath in people with COPD. The technique involves inhaling through the nose and exhaling slowly through pursed lips. This helps slow the pace of breath and get more air into the lungs.If you see someone with COPD practicing pursed-lips breathing, recognize that they feel short of breath. Be extra patient and give them time to catch their breath. If you are walking, slow the pace or suggest having a seat. If you are talking, pause the conversation. 4 Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. MedlinePlus. Vital Signs. Testelmans D, Crul T, Maes K et al. Atrophy and hypertrophy signalling in the diaphragm of patients with COPD. European Respiratory Journal. 2009;35(3):549-556. doi:10.1183/09031936.00091108 Santana P, Albuquerque A. Respiratory muscles in COPD: be aware of the diaphragm. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia. 2018;44(1):1-2. doi:10.1590/s1806-37562018000010001 Borge C, Hagen K, Mengshoel A, Omenaas E, Moum T, Wahl A. Effects of controlled breathing exercises and respiratory muscle training in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from evaluating the quality of evidence in systematic reviews. BMC Pulm Med. 2014;14(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2466-14-184 Additional Reading COPD Foundation. Breathing Techniques Fact Sheet. Ottenheijm CA et al. Diaphragm Adaptations in Patients With COPD. Respiratory Research. 2008; 9(1): 12. Ottenheijm CA et al. Diaphragm Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2005 Jul 15;172(2):200-5. By Deborah Leader, RN Deborah Leader RN, PHN, is a registered nurse and medical writer who focuses on COPD. See Our Editorial Process Meet Our Medical Expert Board Share Feedback Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! What is your feedback? 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