Heart Health High Cholesterol Nutrition Keep Your Cholesterol in Check with Foods High in Phytosterols Phytosterols block cholesterol absorption, lowering blood cholesterol levels By Jennifer Moll, PharmD Jennifer Moll, PharmD Facebook Jennifer Moll, MS, PharmD, is a pharmacist actively involved in educating patients about the importance of heart disease prevention. Learn about our editorial process Updated on July 19, 2021 Medically reviewed Verywell Health articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and healthcare professionals. These medical reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Content is reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates. Learn more. by Yasmine S. Ali, MD, MSCI Medically reviewed by Yasmine S. Ali, MD, MSCI Facebook LinkedIn Twitter Yasmine S. Ali, MD, MSCI, is a board-certified preventive cardiologist and lipidologist. Dr. Ali is also an award-winning writer. Learn about our Medical Expert Board Print Phytosterols are a group of plant-derived compounds that are structurally similar to cholesterol in the human body. When consumed, they compete with cholesterol absorption in the digestive tract, blocking it and, as a result, lowering blood cholesterol levels. Some studies have found that consuming two grams of phytosterols a day may help you lower your LDL cholesterol, or “bad” cholesterol, by 10%. Most people, however, are not getting anywhere near two grams per day. Present-day (2016) dietary intake of phytosterol ranges between 150 to 450 per day, even with food manufacturers enriching many common food products with the compound. bymuratdeniz / Getty Images Phytosterol Supplements While there are supplements that contain phytosterols, the jury is still out on whether they are safe for long-term use (after a year). While they tend to be well-tolerated, the limited research available on their effects is conflicting; some studies suggest they lower heart disease risk, while others say research doesn't support it. For this reason, many experts recommend getting phytosterols from whole food sources. Getting Phytosterols From Food The good news is that you can absolutely boost your intake of naturally occurring phytosterols, and reap their health benefits, by increasing the plant foods in your diet. Though phytosterols are difficult to quantify in foods because more than 200 of them exist, the most commonly found phytosterols in foods are sitosterol, stigmasterol, anthrasterol and campesterol. While this list isn’t inclusive, it should give you an idea of phytosterol content in healthy, whole foods. Due to the different methods used, measured phytosterol content may slightly vary from study to study. The following foods contain the highest amounts of phytosterols: NutsWhole grain productsVegetablesFruits Nuts Nuts contain high amounts of phytosterols, ranging between 95 and 271 mg per 100 g serving of nuts. Studies have shown that a handful of most nuts can have a favorable impact on your lipid profile. The following nuts have the highest phytosterol content: Almonds — 161 mg per 100 g servingWalnuts — 143 mg per 100 g servingPistachios — 271 mg per 100 g servingCashews — 120 mg per 100 g servingPecans — 150 mg per 100 g serving Roasting or eating them plain are healthy ways to prepare nuts. Frying or heavily salting nuts could have an adverse effect on your heart health if you consume these types of nuts on a regular basis. Whole-Grain Foods Whole grain foods - including rye, barley, and oatmeal - are high in many types of nutrients. Some whole grain products also contain high amounts of phytosterol. The following grains have the highest phytosterol content: Flaxseed – 210 mg per 100 g servingWheat germ – 197 mg per one-half cupRye bread – 33 mg per two slices You might try using flax seed or wheat germ as salad toppings or add them to your morning smoothie or oatmeal. And to keep the Rye bread healthy, don't top it with a sugary jam. You might try a nut butter, such as almond. Fruits and Vegetables Although fruits and vegetables may contain lower amounts of phytosterols compared to nuts and whole grains, they also contain a variety of vitamins, minerals, soluble fiber, and other healthy ingredients that make them cholesterol-friendly. In addition, dressing your salads or vegetables with olive oil boosts the phytosterol content; one tablespoon packs 30mg. The following fruits and vegetables contain the highest amounts of phytosterols: Broccoli – 49.4 mg per 100 g servingRed onion – 19.2 mg per 100 g servingCarrot - 15.3 mg per 100 g servingCorn – 70 mg per 100 g servingBrussels sprouts – 37 mg per 100 g servingSpinach (frozen) – 10.2 mg per 100 g servingStrawberry – 10 mg per 100 g servingBlueberry – 26.4 mg per 100 g servingBanana – 16 mg per 100 g servingLettuce – 38 mg per 100 g serving Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! Looking to start a diet to better manage your cholesterol? Changing lifelong eating habits can be scary at first, but our guide will make it easier. Sign Up You're in! Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. There was an error. Please try again. What are your concerns? Other Inaccurate Hard to Understand Submit 5 Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Cabral CE, Klein MRST. Phytosterols in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2017;109(5):475–482. doi:10.5935/abc.20170158 Higdon J. Phytosterols. Oregon State University, Linus Pauling Institute, Micronutrient Information Center. Cabral CE, Klein MRST. Phytosterols in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2017;109(5):475–482. doi:10.5935/abc.20170158 Kim Y, Keogh J, Clifton PM. Nuts and cardio-metabolic disease: a review of meta-analyses. Nutrients. 2018;10(12):1935. doi:10.3390/nu10121935 Kornsteiner-Krenn M, Wagner KH, Elmadfa I. Phytosterol content and fatty acid pattern of ten different nut types. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2013;83(5):263-270. doi:10.1024/0300-9831/a000168 Additional Reading Cleveland Clinic. Phytosterols, Sterols, and Stanols. Higdon, Jane, Drake, Victoria, J., Delage, Barbara, Racette, Susan B. The Linus Pauling Institute Micronutrient Information Center. Phytosterols. Othman RA, Myrie SB, Jones PJ. Non-cholesterol sterols and cholesterol metabolism in sitosterolemia. Atherosclerosis. 2013;231(2):291-299. Racette, Susan B, Lin, Xiaobo, Lefevre, Michael, Anderson Spearie, Catherine, Most, Marlene M, Ma, Lina, and Ostlund, Jr., Richard E. Am J Clin Nutr. Dose effects of dietary phytosterols on cholesterol metabolism: a controlled feeding study. 2010 Jan; 91(1): 32–38. Rolfes SR, Whitney E. Understanding Nutrition, 13th ed.