Your Guide to Living With Gastritis

Symptoms of Gastritis

The most common symptoms of gastritis are:

• Upper abdominal pain, which may worsen with eating
• Loss of appetite
• Abdominal indigestion
• Nausea
• Vomiting, which may include vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds
• Dark stools

Causes

There are several causes of gastritis. The most common are:

• Taking aspirin or anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen
• Drinking alcohol
• Smoking
• Infection of the stomach with Helicobacter pylori bacteria
• Erosion of the protective layer of the stomach lining

There are also less common causes of gastritis. These include:

• Eating or drinking caustic or corrosive substances (such as poisons)
• Backflow of bile into the stomach (bile reflux)
• Autoimmune disorders (such as pernicious anemia)
• Excess gastric acid secretion (which can sometimes occur from stress) 
• Viral infection, especially in people with a weak immune system

Gastritis can occur suddenly (acute gastritis) or gradually (chronic gastritis).

Diagnosis

There are several tests that may be used to diagnose gastritis. These are the three main ones:

• Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: The doctor eases an endoscope, a thin tube containing a tiny camera, through your mouth (or occasionally nose) and down into your stomach to look at the stomach lining. The doctor will check for inflammation and may remove a tiny sample of tissue for tests (a biopsy).
• Complete blood count (CBC): The doctor may check your red blood cell count to see whether you have anemia, which means that you do not have enough red blood cells. In gastritis, anemia can be caused by bleeding from the stomach.
• Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in your stool, a sign of bleeding somewhere in the digestive tract.
• Breath test: A breath test can be performed to look for H. pylori, which is a potential cause of gastritis.

Treatment

Stomach acid irritates the inflamed tissues of the stomach. Treatment usually involves taking drugs to reduce stomach acid, which can help relieve symptoms and promote healing.

Antacids or other medications, such as Pepcid (famotidine), which decrease or neutralize gastric acid in the stomach, or proton pump inhibitors such as Prilosec, will usually eliminate the symptoms and promote healing.

Gastritis caused by pernicious anemia is treated with vitamin B12. You may also be encouraged to avoid certain foods, beverages, or medicines.

If your gastritis is caused by an infection, that problem may be treated as well. For example, the doctor might prescribe antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors to clear up H. pylori infection.

Once the underlying problem disappears, gastritis usually does too. Talk to your doctor before stopping any medicine or starting any gastritis treatment on your own.

Complications

If gastritis isn't treated, it may lead to stomach ulcers and stomach bleeding. Some forms of chronic gastritis may increase your risk of stomach cancer. Other complications include:

• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Gastric erosion
• Anemia
• Dehydration

Living with Gastritis

Eating, diet, and nutrition do not play a role in causing or preventing gastritis, according to researchers. But as you are healing and taking medication to reduce stomach acid, you may want to avoid foods that can increase stomach acid production.

There are several foods and beverages that can trigger your heartburn, and increase acid production. You may want to avoid these and consume foods that can decrease heartburn and acid production.

Several lifestyle modifications can help you manage the symptoms of gastritis:

• Eat six small meals instead of three big meals. This keeps your stomach from getting too full, and reduces gastric pressure.
• Avoid alcohol. Alcohol increases the production of stomach acid.
• Use an antacid. Antacids, such as Tagamet, decrease or neutralize gastric acid in the stomach. They will usually eliminate the symptoms and promote healing.
• Don't smoke. Smoking stimulates the production of stomach acid.